AP vocabulary

Program- A set of instructions(program statements) that a computer can follow to preform a specific task.

Computer- A machine that can be programmed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically that stores and process data.

Computing- The act of performing calculations or using a computer.

Commands- Specific instructions given to a computer program to perform an action. NEEDS CORRECT SYNTAX

Move();- A command to move a robot or character one step forward.

putBall();- A command to place a ball at the current location.

takeBall();- A command to pick up a ball from the current location.

turnLeft();- A command to rotate 90 degrees to the left.

Debugging- The process of finding and fixing errors or bugs in computer hardware or software.

Programming- The process of writing computer programs or instructions for a computer to follow. A series of instructions.

KWL- A learning strategy (Know, Want to Know, Learned) to organize information before, during, and after a unit of study or reading.

Functions- A named block of code that performs a specific task. They group code that performs a particular action and can be reused. teach the computer a new command(simplify code)

Command ex.- An example of an instruction given to a program, such as moveForward(); or turnRight();.

Define a Function- The process of writing the code for a function, including its name, parameters (if any), and the instructions it will execute.

Calling a Function- The act of executing a function's code by referencing its name, which makes the program perform the task defined within that function.

Function Body- The block of code that contains the instructions to be executed when a function is called. It is typically enclosed within curly braces after the function's declaration. The lines of code.

turnRight(){

turnLeft();

turnLeft();

turnLeft();

}

Start Function- The primary function where program execution begins, often called main() or start() depending on the programming language.

Read like a story- A principle of writing code that is clear, logical, and easy to follow, allowing someone to understand its flow and purpose without significant effort.

Decomposition- The process of breaking down a complex problem, system, or task into smaller, more manageable sub-problems or components. This simplifies the development process.

Top down design- An approach to problem-solving and system design where the overall system is first defined at a high level, and then progressively broken down into smaller, more detailed sub-components or modules. It starts with the abstract and moves to the concrete.

nested- When one program structure or element is contained within another, such as a nested loop or a nested function call.

pre conditions- The conditions that must be true or the state that must exist before a specific function or piece of code is executed to ensure it runs correctly and produces the expected outcome.

post conditions- The conditions that are guaranteed to be true or the state that will exist after a specific function or piece of code has successfully executed, assuming its pre-conditions were met.

API- Application Programming Interface. A set of defined rules and protocols for building and interacting with software applications. It specifies how software components should interact.

speaking to computers- The act of communicating instructions to a computer through programming languages or input devices, enabling it to perform specific tasks or operations.

procedure abstraction- ability to use methods & programs that we don’t fully understand

condition-is code you put inside and if statement

if statements- lets you ask a question to the program & only run code if the answer is true

for loops-lets us repeat code a fixed number of times

While loops- repeat code while or only if a condition is true

Control Structures- Lets us change the flow of code. Other cs can be selective like if or if else (based on condition)& other cs are interactive and allow for repeated code like in while loops.

logic error- mistake in the algorithm that causes it to give an incorrect output.

runtime error- mistake in the program that happens in execution

if else statement- allows 1 thing to be done if conditions are true + another if false

psudocode- brief explanation of code in plain English

Algorithm- set of steps or rules to solve a problem

sequencing-step by step execution of instructions in a given order

iteration-specified # of times until condition is met

selection- using a condition to determine which part of the algorithm is executed

parameter- variable passed in from outside the function

ultra karel- ability to paint the grid

indentation- visible structure of how code is laid

Algorithm-finite set of rules or steps to follow and to solve a problem includes functions + helper functions

  • Programming language: A formal language with a set of instructions and rules used to write software. AP Computer Science Principles often uses a common, language-independent pseudocode, while AP Computer Science A focuses on the Java programming language.

  • Arguments: The actual values that are passed into a procedure or function when it is called.

    • Example: In a function call addNumbers(5, 7), the values 5 and 7 are the arguments.

  • Procedure: A named block of code that contains a sequence of instructions to perform a specific task. Procedures can take input values (parameters) and may or may not return a value. In some contexts, procedures are also called methods or functions.

  • Initializing a variable: The act of assigning a variable its first value during its creation. This prevents unexpected errors by ensuring the variable has a valid starting value before it is used.

  • User input: Data or information that a user provides to a program during its execution, often through a mouse, keyboard, or other input device.

  • Canvas: A dedicated drawing area within a graphical user interface (GUI) where graphical elements like shapes, text, and images are displayed and manipulated. It uses a coordinate system to define the position of these elements.

  • Coordinate system: A framework that defines the location of points in a graphical space. A common two-dimensional system uses perpendicular X and Y axes. On a computer screen, the origin (0,0) is typically in the top-left corner, with the Y-axis increasing downwards.

  • Properties of an object: The characteristics or attributes that define an object's state and data. They are accessible and can be modified by the object's methods. For example, a "Car" object might have properties like color or speed.

  • Event: An action or occurrence that takes place in a program, often in response to a user's interaction. Common events include mouse clicks, key presses, or a program starting.

  • Callback function: A function that is passed as an argument to another function. It is then executed by that other function when a specific event occurs, such as a button being clicked.

  • SetWidth() and SetHeight(): Functions or methods used to explicitly define the width and height of a graphical element, such as a canvas, window, or shape.

    • Example: On a canvas, setHeight(500) would change the canvas's height to 500 pixels. 

Show allprintln-prints a line to the user (out put)

boolean- true of false value

declare a variable-defining it for the first time

        ex. numapples

variable-symbol of container that holds a value

assigning a variable-updating the vair with a new value

realIN- allows the user to read what text string there are to enter/answer

code-intructions you write to a computer

Event-any action that a program detects as user imput

callback function-passed a parameter to a different function in order to be called later

logical operator- make logical associations between boolean values

OR operator- witten like : || A||B will= true

AND operator- Wriien &&

Not operator-false !

e.keycode- keyboard [key]

)l

WORDS: Eaglehigh

Pass:

H@z3lph0ne