Untitled Flashcards Set

  1. Photography: literally means writing with light

  2. Camera Obscura: Means “dark room” in Latin. A box-shaped device used as an aid for drawing Lets light in through a small opening on one side and projects a reversed and inverted image on the other. 

  3. Daguerreotype: One of a kind. Very sharp and detailed. Affordable portraits. Technology was free to use. France’s “gift to the world

  4. Talbotype/Calotype: Talbot invents the talbotype/calotype. Produced a negative (could make multiple copies) Soft image. Talbot wanted to gain financially from people using the method

  5. Cyanotype:  a photographic printing process that produces a cyan-blue print

  6. Wet Plate Collodion: Created sharp detailed negatives that were made on smooth clear glass instead of paper. Easy to produce many paper prints from one glass negative. Required a mobile darkroom

  7. Tintype: Also known as a melainotype or ferrotype. Less expensive process than wet plate collodion. Made from a blackened iron plate (instead of a glass plate). Most common kind of photographic process used during the Civil War

  8. Kodachrome: 1936 the first color film

  9. Vernacular Photography: everyday photos taken of and for the enjoyment of one’s self, friends, and family

  10. Carte de Visite: visiting card Small portraits given away and collected, often placed in albums

  11. Stereograph: double pictures which give a 3D effect when viewed through a binocular viewer.

  12. Mega-Influencer: 1 million followers Their services cost up to $1 million per post.They have agents working on their behalf to make marketing deals. Many are celebrities who have gained their fame offline. 

  13. Macro-Influencer- 40,000 - 1 million followers B-grade celebrities and Successful online experts, who have built up more significant followings than the typical micro-influencers.

  14. Micro-Influencer- 1,000 - 40,000 followers Ordinary everyday people who have become known for their knowledge about some specialist niche. 

  15. Nano-Influencer- < 1,000 Tend to be experts in an obscure or highly specialized field.

  16. Ephemeral: Lasting a very short time

  17. Gaze: A particular perspective taken to embody certain aspects of the relationship between observer and observed.

  18. Panopticon: Allows a single watchman to observe all of the cells. Inmates are placed alone in a cell and are unable to tell whether they are being watched or not.

  19. The Male Gaze: Men are dominant/observer, and the women are passive/observed

  20. The Female Gaze:Women depict each other and themselves from their point of view

  21. The Oppositional Gaze: Understanding the representations of people of color, specifically those of black women

  22. The Imperial/Colonizer’s Gaze: White, western way of looking

  23. Phrenology: the detailed study of the shape and size of the cranium as a supposed indication of character and mental abilities

  24. Physiognomy: A pseudo-science that believes the character/personality of a person could be assessed through the classification of the features of the face and head

  25. Eugenics: The study of how to arrange reproduction within a human population to increase the occurrence of heritable characteristics regarded as desirable

  26. Anthropometry:  science that defines physical measures of a person’s size, form, and functional capabilities

  27. Shirley Card: A color reference card that is used to perform skin-color balance in still photography printing

  28. The Coded Gaze: The embedded views that are propagated by those who have the power to code systems

  29. Censorship: The suppression of speech, public communication, or other information

  30. Memento Mori: Remember you must die

  31. New Topographic: coined by William Jenkins in 1975 to describe a group of American photographers whose pictures had a similar banal aesthetic

  32. Citizen Journalism: The collection, dissemination, and analysis of news and information by the general public, especially by means of the Internet 

  33. Commodity Culture: term used to describe the culture of industrial capitalism

  34. Simulacrum: copy for which there is no original

  35. Hyperreality: A form of representation in which mediated images appear more real than reality itself

  36. Meme: Memes are created with awareness of each other. Memes share common characteristics of content, form, and/or stance.Memes are circulated, imitated, and transformed via the internet by multiple users.

  37. Appropriation: incorporating someone else’s work into your own. Transforming the work into something new. Intellectual property grey area

  38. Conceptual Art: Art focused on ideas over aesthetics; the concept is the main element, not the finished piece.

  39. The Decisive Moment: Henri Cartier-Bresson’s idea of capturing the perfect, fleeting moment in photography.

  40. Scopophilia: an aesthetic pleasure drawn from looking at an object or a person

  41. Extimacy: the sharing of experiences or thoughts usually considered private

  42. Computational Photography: Using algorithms and technology to enhance or simulate traditional photography.

  43. Deep Fakes: Use a form of artificial intelligence called deep learning to make images of fake events Can create convincing but entirely fictional photos from scratch 

  44. Physiognotrace: An 18th-century device for tracing silhouettes to create affordable portraits

  45. Semiotics: The science of signs

  46. Symbol: sign where the relation between signifier and signified is purely conventional and culturally specific

  47. Icon: sign where the signifier resembles the signified

  48. Index: sign where the signifier is caused by the signified

  49. Denotation: the most basic or literal meaning of a sign

  50. Connotation: the secondary, cultural meanings of signs