Shampoo, Scalp Care, and Hair Analysis Review Notes

Draping Requirements: Performed prior to hair care services and after the client removes jewelry to protect skin and clothing; draping is always completed before shampooing begins.
Capes: Made of plastic or waterproof material for shampooing, wet hair sculpting, designing, and chemical services.
LOC Method: Product layering technique consisting of a liquid, oil, and a cream.
Shampooing & Brushing Guidelines:
- Soft water is preferred for shampooing.
- Always monitor water temperature before applying the water stream to the client's scalp.
- Brush hair starting from the ends first, then work toward the scalp.
Scalp Massage Techniques:
- Effleurage: Light, gliding strokes used to begin or end a treatment.
- Petrissage: Light or heavy kneading and rolling of the muscles.
- Tapotement: Light tapping or slapping movement used to promote muscle contraction.
- Vibration: Highly stimulating, shaking motion.

Density: The number of active hair follicles per square inch on the scalp.
Porosity: The ability of hair to absorb moisture, liquids, or chemicals. Hair with cuticle layers held very close together exhibits resistant porosity.
Elasticity: The ability of hair to stretch and return to its original shape without breaking.
Hair Types & Loss Statistics:
- Vellus Hair: Short, fine, non-pigmented hair found more abundantly on women.
- Average Daily Loss: $40\text{ to }100\text{ strands}$ per day.

Hair Shaft Conditions:
- Trichoptilosis (Fragilitis Crinium / Split Ends): Small cracks starting in the cuticle and splitting the hair entirely.
- Trichorrhexis Nodosa (Knotted Hair): Lumps or swelling along the hair shaft.
- Monilethrix: Condition where beads or nodes form on the hair shaft.
- Plica Polonica: Technical term for excessive matting of the hair.
- Acquired Canities: Loss of pigment in the hair as a person ages.
Scalp Disorders and Diseases:
- Pityriasis (Dandruff): Chronic scalp condition characterized by excessive flaking.
- Pityriasis Steatoides: Medical term for greasy or waxy dandruff.
- Psoriasis: Round, dry patches of skin covered with rough, silvery scales surrounded by red inflammation.
- Tinea Capitis: Scalp ringworm indicated by enlarged open follicles surrounded by red spots; requires referring the client to a physician.
- Tinea Favosa: Scalp disease marked by dry, yellow, encrusted areas and a peculiar odor.
- Pediculosis Capitis: Infestation of head lice on the scalp.
Types of Hair Loss:
- Alopecia Prematura: Baldness occurring early in life, beginning as early as late adolescence.
- Traction Alopecia: Hair loss caused by repetitive physical pulling, such as from tight cornrows.