Comprehensive Guide to Road Signs and Traffic Regulations

Warning Signs (Group 1)

• General Purpose: Warning signs inform drivers about an approach to a dangerous section of the road, the movement along which requires measures appropriate to the specific situation.

• Sign 1.1 "Railway Crossing with Barrier": Indicates a crossing equipped with a barrier.

• Sign 1.2 "Railway Crossing without Barrier": Indicates a crossing not equipped with a barrier.

• Sign 1.3.1 "Single-track Railway": Designates a railway crossing with one track that is not equipped with a barrier.

• Sign 1.3.2 "Multi-track Railway": Designates a railway crossing with two or more tracks that is not equipped with a barrier.

• Signs 1.4.1 – 1.4.6 "Approach to Railway Crossing": Additional warnings regarding the approach to a railway crossing outside of populated areas.

• Sign 1.5 "Intersection with Tram Line": Warns of an upcoming crossing with tram tracks.

• Sign 1.6 "Intersection of Equivalent Roads": Indicates a junction where roads of equal priority meet.

• Sign 1.7 "Intersection with Roundabout": Warns of a junction where traffic moves in a circle.

• Sign 1.8 "Traffic Light Regulation": Indicates an intersection, pedestrian crossing, or road section where traffic is controlled by a traffic light.

• Sign 1.9 "Drawbridge": Warns of a drawbridge or a ferry crossing.

• Sign 1.10 "Exit to Quay": Warns of an exit onto a quay, embankment, or shore.

• Sign 1.11.1 "Dangerous Curve Right": A road curve with a small radius or limited visibility.

• Sign 1.11.2 "Dangerous Curve Left": A road curve with a small radius or limited visibility.

• Sign 1.12.1 "Dangerous Curves": A road section with dangerous curves, with the first curve to the right.

• Sign 1.12.2 "Dangerous Curves": A road section with dangerous curves, with the first curve to the left.

• Sign 1.13 "Steep Descent": Indicates a significant downward slope.

• Sign 1.14 "Steep Ascent": Indicates a significant upward slope.

• Sign 1.15 "Slippery Road": A road section with increased slipperiness of the carriageway.

• Sign 1.16 "Uneven Road": A road section having irregularities (waviness, potholes, non-smooth joints with bridges, etc.).

• Sign 1.16.1 "Speed Bump (Artificial Irregularity)": Warns of a man-made hump used to slow traffic.

• Sign 1.17 "Gravel Ejection": A road section where ejection of gravel, crushed stone, etc., from under vehicle wheels is possible.

• Sign 1.18.1 "Road Narrowing": Narrowing from both sides.

• Sign 1.18.2 "Road Narrowing": Narrowing from the right.

• Sign 1.18.3 "Road Narrowing": Narrowing from the left.

• Sign 1.19 "Two-way Traffic": The beginning of a road section (carriageway) with oncoming traffic.

• Sign 1.20 "Pedestrian Crossing": A crossing designated by signs 5.16.1, 5.16.2 and/or markings 1.14.1, 1.14.2, or 1.14.3.

• Sign 1.21 "Children": A road section near a children's institution (school, camp, etc.) where children may appear on the road.

• Sign 1.22 "Intersection with Bicycle Path": Warns of a crossing with a track reserved for cyclists.

• Sign 1.23 "Road Works": Warns of ongoing maintenance or construction on the road.

• Sign 1.24 "Cattle Crossing": Warns of areas where livestock may cross.

• Sign 1.25 "Wild Animals": Warns of areas where wild animals may be encountered.

• Sign 1.26 "Falling Rocks": A section where landslides, avalanches, or falling rocks are possible.

• Sign 1.27 "Side Wind": Warns of heavy crosswinds.

• Sign 1.28 "Low-flying Aircraft": Warns of aircraft flying at low altitudes near the road.

• Sign 1.29 "Tunnel": A tunnel without artificial lighting or a tunnel where the visibility of the entrance portal is limited.

• Sign 1.30 "Other Dangers": A road section with dangers not covered by other specific warning signs.

• Signs 1.31.1 – 1.31.2 "Direction of Turn": Indicates the direction of movement on a small radius curve with limited visibility or the detour direction for road repairs.

• Sign 1.31.3 "Direction of Turn": Indicates movement directions at a T-junction or road branching, or detour directions for road repairs.

• Signs 1.31.4 – 1.31.5 "Direction of Turn": Further directional warnings.

• Signs 1.32.1 – 1.32.3 "Obstacle Detour": Indicates how to bypass an obstacle.

• Sign 1.33 "Dangerous Shoulder": Warns of a shoulder that is unsafe to use.

• Sign 1.34 "Traffic Jam": Warns of a likely congestion area.

Installation Rules and Distances for Warning Signs

• General Distances: Signs 1.1, 1.2, and 1.5–1.30 are installed:
  • Outside of populated areas: At a distance of $150 - 300\,m$ before the hazard.
  • In populated areas/residential zones: At a distance of $50 - 100\,m$ before the hazard.
• Distance Deviations: If signs are installed at a different distance, this must be indicated on plate 7.1.1.
• Specific Rule for Signs 1.13 and 1.14: These can be installed without plate 7.1.1 immediately before the start of a descent or ascent if they follow one another.
• Short-term Road Works (Sign 1.23): Can be installed without plate 7.1.1 at a distance of $10 - 15\,m$ from the work site.
• Repeating Signs outside populated areas: Signs 1.1, 1.2, 1.9, 1.10, 1.21, and 1.23 must be repeated. The second sign is installed no less than $50\,m$ from the start of the danger.
• Placement of Approach Signs (1.4.1 – 1.4.6):
  • Signs 1.4.1 – 1.4.3 are on the right side; 1.4.4 – 1.4.6 are on the left side.
  • 1.4.1 and 1.4.4 are placed under the first sign 1.1 or 1.2.
  • 1.4.3 and 1.4.6 are placed under the second sign 1.1 or 1.2.
  • 1.4.2 and 1.4.5 are placed independently, halfway between the first and second warning signs.
• Railway Proximity (1.3.1, 1.3.2): Installed immediately before the railway crossing.

Priority Signs (Group 2)

• General Purpose: Establish the order of passage at intersections, junctions of carriageways, or narrow sections of the road.

• Sign 2.1 "Main Road": Grants priority passage at unregulated intersections.

• Sign 2.2 "End of Main Road": Marks the termination of the priority route.

• Signs 2.3.1 – 2.3.7 "Intersection/Junction with Secondary Road": Indicates specific points where secondary roads join the main road from various angles (right or left).

• Sign 2.4 "Yield": The driver must give way to vehicles moving along the intersecting road (or along the main road if plate 7.13 is present).

• Sign 2.5 "Stop / Movement Without Stopping is Prohibited":

  • Requires a full stop before the stop line. If there is no stop line, the stop must be before the edge of the intersecting carriageway.
  • The driver must yield to vehicles on the intersecting road (or main road per plate 7.13).
  • When placed before a railway crossing or quarantine post, the driver stops before the stop line, or if absent, before the sign.

• Sign 2.6 "Priority for Oncoming Traffic": Prohibits entry to a narrow road section if it might hinder oncoming traffic. The driver must yield to oncoming vehicles in the section or at the opposite approach.

• Sign 2.7 "Priority over Oncoming Traffic": Indicates a narrow section where the driver has priority over oncoming vehicles.

Prohibitive Signs (Group 3)

• General Purpose: Introduce or cancel specific traffic restrictions.

• Sign 3.1 "Entry Prohibited": Entry of all vehicles in this direction is prohibited.

• Sign 3.2 "Movement Prohibited": Movement of all vehicles is prohibited.

• Sign 3.3 "Movement of Motor Vehicles Prohibited": Specifically targets motorized vehicles.

• Sign 3.4 "Movement of Trucks Prohibited":

  • Prohibits trucks and combinations with a maximum authorized mass over $3.5\,t$ (unless a different mass is on the sign), as well as tractors and self-propelled machines.
  • Does not apply to trucks designed for carrying people or trucks with a diagonal white stripe on the sides.

• Sign 3.5 "Movement of Motorcycles Prohibited": No motorcycles allowed.

• Sign 3.6 "Movement of Tractors Prohibited": No tractors or self-propelled machines.

• Sign 3.7 "Movement of Vehicles with Trailer Prohibited": No trailers or towing of motor vehicles.

• Sign 3.8 "Movement of Horse-drawn Carriages Prohibited": No sleds, pack animals, or cattle driving.

• Sign 3.9 "Movement of Bicycles Prohibited": Prohibits bicycles and mopeds.

• Sign 3.9.1 "Movement on Electric Scooters Prohibited": Only bans electric scooters.

• Sign 3.10 "Movement of Pedestrians Prohibited": No pedestrians.

• Sign 3.11 "Mass Restriction": Prohibits vehicles (including combinations) whose actual total mass exceeds the indicated value.

• Sign 3.12 "Axle Load Restriction": Prohibits vehicles where the actual load on any axle exceeds the indicated value.

• Sign 3.13 "Height Restriction": Prohibits vehicles with a height (including load) over the indicated value.

• Sign 3.14 "Width Restriction": Prohibits vehicles with a width (including load) over the indicated value.

• Sign 3.15 "Length Restriction": Prohibits vehicles/combinations with a length (including load) over the indicated value.

• Sign 3.16 "Minimum Distance Restriction": Prohibits movement with a distance less than the indicated value between vehicles.

• Sign 3.17.1 "Customs": Requires stopping at the control point.

• Sign 3.17.2 "Danger": Absolute prohibition of movement for all vehicles due to accidents, emergencies, or other hazards.

• Sign 3.17.3 "Control": Requires stopping at control points.

• Sign 3.18.1 "No Right Turn": Only applies to the intersection of carriageways where the sign is placed.

• Sign 3.18.2 "No Left Turn": Only applies to the intersection of carriageways where the sign is placed.

• Sign 3.19 "No U-turn": Prohibits reversing direction.

• Sign 3.20 "Overtaking Prohibited": Prohibits overtaking all vehicles, except for single vehicles moving slower than $30\,km/h$.

• Sign 3.21 "End of No Overtaking Zone": Cancels sign 3.20.

• Sign 3.22 "Overtaking for Trucks Prohibited":

  • Trucks > $3.5\,t$ cannot overtake except for vehicles moving < $30\,km/h$.
  • Tractors cannot overtake except for horse-drawn carriages and bicycles.

• Sign 3.24 "Maximum Speed Limit": Prohibits speeds higher than indicated.

  • If the limit drops by more than $20\,km/h$ from the previous section, "step-wise" restriction is used: multiple signs 3.24 with gaps of $100\,m$ to $150\,m$, each reducing speed by no more than $20\,km/h$.
  • Step-wise reduction is not required before settlements (sign 5.22) if the sign is visible from at least $150\,m$.

• Sign 3.26 "Sound Signal Prohibited": Prohibits horns except to prevent an accident.

• Sign 3.27 "Stopping Prohibited": Bans both stopping and parking.

• Sign 3.28 "Parking Prohibited": Bans parking only.

• Signs 3.29 & 3.30 "Parking Prohibited on Odd/Even Days":

  • When used together on opposite sides, the time for moving vehicles from one side to the other is between $19:00$ and $21:00$.

• Sign 3.31 "End of All Restrictions Zone": Cancels the effect of signs 3.16, 3.20, 3.22, 3.24, and 3.26–3.30 simultaneously.

• Sign 3.33 "Movement of Explosive/Flammable Cargo Prohibited": Specifically bans vehicles with "Dangerous Goods" markers carrying classes 1, 2.2-2.4, 3.1, 3.2, and 5.2 according to ГОСТ 19433-88.

Exceptions and Scope for Prohibitive Signs

• Route/Public Transport Vehicles: Signs 3.1–3.3, 3.18.1, 3.18.2, 3.19, and 3.27 do not apply to them.
• Service/Resident Vehicles: Signs 3.2–3.8 do not apply to vehicles servicing businesses in the zone, or belonging to citizens living/working there. Entry/exit must occur at the nearest intersection.
• Taxis: Signs 3.28–3.30 do not apply to taxis with an active meter.
• Disabled (I & II groups): Signs 3.2, 3.3, and 3.28–3.30 do not apply to vehicles driven by or transporting these individuals.
• Zone of Action: Extends from the sign to the next intersection, or in settlements without intersections, to the end of the settlement. Driveways from adjacent territories do not interrupt the zone.
• Direction: Signs 3.10 and 3.27–3.30 apply only to the side of the road where they are installed.

Mandatory Signs (Group 4)

• Directional Signs (4.1.1 – 4.1.6): Only indicated movements are allowed. Left turn signs also permit U-turns. These do not apply to route vehicles.
  • Sign 4.1.1 at start of road section: Effective until the next intersection; allows right turns into adjacent territories.
• Detroit/Obstacle Signs (4.2.1 – 4.2.3): Direct traffic to the right, left, or either side of an obstacle.
• Sign 4.3 "Circular Movement": Mandatory direction in a roundabout.
• Sign 4.4 "Movement of Passenger Cars": Allows passenger cars, buses, motorcycles, route vehicles, and trucks ≤ $3.5\,t$. Also allows service/resident vehicles as per section rules.
• Sign 4.5 "Cycle Path/Lane": Only for bikes and mopeds. Pedestrians can use it if there is no sidewalk or shoulder.
• Sign 4.5.4/4.5.5 "Pedestrian and Cycle Path with Separated Movement": Designated paths where flows are split.
• Sign 4.7 "Minimum Speed Restriction": Mandatory speed must be at or above the indicated value.
• Signs 4.9.1 – 4.9.3 "Movement of Vehicles with Dangerous Goods": Mandates specific turn directions (Right, Left, or Straight) for vehicles carrying hazardous material.

Information and Indicative Signs (Group 5)

• Sign 5.1 "Motorway": Road where special motorway rules apply.
• Sign 5.3 "Road for Cars": Exclusively for cars and motorcycles.
• Sign 5.5 "One-way Road": Entire width of the road moves in one direction.
• Sign 5.8.1 "Lane Management Directions": Shows the number of lanes and permitted directions. If a prohibitive sign image is included on the lane indicator, that restriction applies to that specific lane.
  • Left turns from the far-left lane permit U-turns.
• Sign 5.8.3 "Beginning of Lane": Start of an additional lane on an ascent or a deceleration lane.
  • If sign 4.7 (Min speed) is shown, those unable to maintain that speed must move to the additional lane.
• Sign 5.8.6 a/b/c "Changing to Parallel Carriageway": Informs about priorities when switching carriageways.
• Sign 5.11.1 "Place for U-turn": Left turns are prohibited.
• Sign 5.11.2 "Zone for U-turn": Defines the length of the U-turn area; left turns are prohibited.
• Sign 5.16.1 & 5.16.2 "Pedestrian Crossing": If no markings exist, 5.16.2 is on the right/near border, and 5.16.1 is on the left/far border.
• Sign 5.18 "Recommended Speed": Applies to the next intersection or the hazardous section length if paired with a warning sign.
• Settlement Coloring:
  • Green/Blue background outside settlement: Route to object via motorway/other road.
  • Green/Blue background inside settlement: Route to object after exiting the settlement via motorway/other road.
  • White background: Signifies the object is located within the current settlement.
• Sign 5.50 "Environmental Restriction Zone": Bans vehicles with an ecological class lower than indicated or if the class is not in the registration docs.

Service Signs (Group 6)

• 6.1 Medical point, 6.2 Hospital.
• 6.3 Filling station (6.3a for LPG/СНГ, 6.3b for CNG/СПГ).
• 6.4 Maintenance, 6.5 Car wash, 6.6 Telephone, 6.7 Food, 6.8 Water, 6.9 Hotel, 6.10 Camping, 6.11 Rest area.
• 6.12 Road police post, 6.13 Transport control post, 6.14 Police.
• 6.15/6.16 Radio zones for traffic info/emergency services.
• 6.19 "Filling station with EV charging capability".
• 6.20 "Ecological Control".

Additional Information Plates (Group 7)

• 7.1.1 "Distance to Object": Distance to hazardous section or restriction.
• 7.2.1 "Zone of Action": Length of a hazard or restriction zone.
• 7.4.1 – 7.4.8 "Vehicle Type": 7.4.1 (Trucks > $3.5\,t$), 7.4.2 (Trucks with trailers), 7.4.3 (Passenger cars and trucks < $3.5\,t$), 7.4.8 (Dangerous goods).
• 7.5.1 – 7.5.7 "Time of Day/Days of Week": Saturdays/Holidays (7.5.1), Workdays (7.5.2), specific times (7.5.4).
• 7.6.1 – 7.6.18 "Parking Methods": 7.6.1 is for all vehicles along the curb; 7.6.2–7.6.18 are for passenger cars and motorcycles specifically.
• 7.13 "Direction of Main Road": Used at intersections where the main road changes direction.
• 7.17 "Disabled Individuals": Sign 5.15 (Parking) applies only to vehicles with the proper identification.
• 7.21 "Tow Truck Operating": Used with 3.27–3.30 to signal vehicle detention.
• 7.24 "Ecological Class": Used with prohibits or movement signs to restrict based on emissions class.
• Conflict of Interest: If temporary road signs (on portable stands) contradict stationary signs, drivers must follow the temporary signs.