Bones, Muscles, Planes and Axis

Articulating bones:
- Shoulder: Scapula, Humerous
- Elbow: Ulna, Radius , Humerous
- Hip: Pelvis, Femur
- Knee: Femus, Tibia
- Ankle: Talus, Tibia, Fibula

Joint Actions:
- Extension (increasing the angle at a joint)
- Flexion (decreasing the andle at a joint)
- Hyperextension (extension beyond the normal position)
- Plantar flexion (increasing the angle at the ankle)
- Dorsi flexion (decreasing the angle at the ankle)
- Abduction (moving a body part away from the body, think about abducting a child)
- Adduction (moving a body part back into the body)

Planes and axis
- Sagittal plane and Transverse axis: Fowards and backwards
- Frontal plane and Sagittal axis: Sideways
- Transverse plane and Longitudinal axis: Spinning/turning

Muscles:
- Pectoralis major - chest
- Anterior deltoid - front of shoulder
- Biceps - arm
- illiopsoas - hips
- Quadracepts - legs
- Tibialis anterior - shin
- Adductors - does horozontal adduction for the legs
- Gastrocnemius - calf
- Hamstrings - legs
- Gluteus maximus - bum
- Posterior deltiod - back of the shoulder
- Triceps - arm
- Gluteus minimus - lower back
- Latissimus dorsi - Lats

Types of Muscle contraction:
- Isometric: the muscle neither shortens or lengthens it is static.
- Isotonic Concentric: the working muscle shortens, occurs when doing lifting activities.
- Isotonic Eccentric: the working muscles lengthens during the exercise, occurs when lowering a weight or the whole body. (when doing this the main agonist changes, for example lowering a weight normally to extend the arm you would use the tricep but the main agonist switches and becomes the bicep)