Art appreciation final

Barrel Vault: A half round arch extended in length.

Groin Vault: An architectural feature formed by two barrel vaults of equal size intersecting at right angles.

Keystone: The wedge shaped central stone in an arch. Inserted last, the keystone locks the other stones in place.

Entablature: consisting of cornice, frieze, and architrave.

Pediment: A triangular gable found over major architectural elements such a Classical Greek Porticoes, windows, or doors. The pediment is formed by an entablature and the ends of a sloping roof or a raking cornice.

Buttress: In architecture, an exterior support that counteracts the outward thrust of an arch, dome, or roof.

Flying Buttress: An arch built on the exterior of a building that transfers the outward thrust of the roof vaults to an exterior detached weight known as a pier.

Hypostyle Halls: A large interior room characterized by many closely spaced columns that support its roof.

Bay: A unit of space defined by architectural elements such as columns, piers, and walls.

Contour Line: An outline

Trompe L’oeil: A manner of representation in which the appearance of natural space and forms is recreated with the express intention of fooling the eye of the viewer, who may be convinced or fooled (at least for an instant) that the painted subject actually exists as three-dimensional reality.

Linear Perspective: A method of creating the illusion of depth based on the observation that parallel lines appear to converge as they recede from the viewer, finally meeting at a vanishing point on the horizon. The entire system relies on a fixed viewpoint.

Atmospheric perspective: A method of creating the illusion of depth based on the observation that distant objects appear less distinct, paler and bluer than nearby objects because of the way moisture in the intervening atmosphere scatters light.

Isometric Perspective: Perspective in which orthogonal are represented as actually parallel and do not converge as they recede in pictorial space.

Contrapposto: A pose that places the figure’s weight on one foot, setting off a series of adjustments to the hips and shoulders that produce a subtle S-curve.

Foreshortening: The visual phenomenon whereby an elongated object projecting toward or away from a viewer appears shorter than its actual length, as though compressed.

Chiaroscuro: Italian for light-dark. Creating spatial depth and volumetric forms through the gradations in the intensity of light and shadow.

Orthogonal: Any line running back into the represented space of a picture perpendicular to the imagined picture plane. In one point linear perspective all orthogonals converge at a single vanishing point on the horizon line.

Provenance: A record of ownership of a work of art or an antique, used as a guide to authenticity or quality