Sustainable Development Notes

High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development: A call for urgent action to deliver SDGs by 2030.
SDGs: A blueprint for a resilient, peaceful, and inclusive future.
Only 12% of SDG targets are on track.
Countries must integrate SDGs into national plans.
SDGs Report 2023: Progress in some areas like electricity access and reduced mortality.
Change is possible with collective effort.

The global economy faced extreme uncertainty in the early 21st century.
The crisis that began in 2007 challenged modern welfare approaches.
Symptoms: collapsing markets, rising unemployment, inequalities, debt, and climate change.
Ulrich Beck: Coined the term "risk society".

Stability: Firmness, permanence, and resistance to change.
IMF definition: Avoiding swings in economic activity, high inflation, and volatility.
Economies cycle through growth and depression.
The Great Depression: Economic collapse after post-war prosperity in 1929.
Monetarism, control of money in circulation, dominated global capitalism.
Neoliberalism expanded with free market reforms.
Financial crises: Asian crisis in 1997, Russian crisis, Argentina.

Sustainability: Long-term capacities of a system to exist.
Brundtland Report: Development that meets present needs without compromising future generations.
Technology as an escape from the sustainability dilemma.
Solow-Swan model: Innovations as the only chance.
New Growth Theory (Romer & Lucas): Human capital and education are crucial for growth.
Sustainability debate: Shift from social conditions to environmental questions.
Garret Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons": Public goods exhausted in a free market.
\"The Limits to Growth\" (Club of Rome): Connection between economic growth and scarcity of resources.