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Age of Exploration and Colonial America

People and Terms to Know

Iroquois Confederacy

  • union of five tribes COSOM: Cayuga, Oneida, Seneca, Onondaga, and Mohawk

  • stretched along the St. Lawrence River in present day New York and Canada

Prince Henry of Portugal

  • leaders in navigation

Columbus

  • Grew up in Genoa, coastal town on west side of Italy

  • Skilled at both sailing and navigation

  • Studied geography and concluded that trading cities in Asia were 2400 miles west of Europe

  • The Far East (Japan and China) were 10,000 miles west of Europe

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

  • Sponsored Columbus to go after second ask

  • Condition to spread Catholicism

Ponce de Leon

  • first European to step foot in the U.S

  • established a settlement in Puerto Rico

  • came to Florida in 1513

  • died of wounds from an Indian attack in 1521

Pedro Menendez

  • founded St. Augustine

  • Catholic-only territory

  • led massacre in french Fort Caroline

St. Augustine

  • established in 1565

  • oldest permanent settlement

  • England’s Sir Francis Drake burned St. Augustine in 1586

  • Spain remained in control until a brief British takeover from 1763-1783

  • Spain regained St. Augustine until it became a U.S. territory in 1821

Santa Fe

  • Established in 1610 second oldest permanent settlement

Historiography

  • how we interpret historical events and how it can change

John Wycliffe

  • Translated Bible from Latin to English.

  • Called “Morning Star” because he influenced Protestant Reformation

Protestant Reformation

  • Pilgrims and Puritans focused on their belief in God & Church

King Henry VIII

  • Started protestant church after denied a divorce

  • wife birthing female skit

Spanish Armada

  • King Philip gets mad over piracy of ships by England.

  • War starts and he loses

Jamestown and John Smith

  • founded in 1907 by a joint stock company

  • John Smith helped the Jamestown settlement survive

  • “He who shall not work; shall not eat”

Pocohantas

  • Daughter of Powhatan

  • Saved John Smith

  • Disney Movie

Separatists/Pilgrims and Plymoth Colony

  • Pilgrims formed Plymouth colony

  • Separated from the catholic church (called separatists)

Mayflower and Mayflower Compact

  • Sailed on the mayflower in 1620

  • An agreement signed to establish a new colony

Puritans and Massachusetts Bay Colony

  • Puritans arrived in groups

  • They founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony

John Winthrop and “City on a Hill”

  • Most famous leader of the Massachusetts bay colony

  • Preached “City on a hill”, said they need to get closer to God

Roger Williams

  • An ordained minister if the Anglican Church (Church of England)

  • Arrived in 1631

  • Dangerous Ideas:

-The government has no law over first 4 commandments

-King doesn’t have right to give land

  • resulting in banishment

Anne Hutchinson

  • Banished from Massachusetts for challenging Puritan leaders

  • Supported religious freedom

Thomas Hooker

  • Founded Connecticut

  • helped write the Fundamental Orders (Early Constitution)

  • Puritan Preacher

Fundamental Orders

  • First written constitution in America 1639

King Philip’s Deadly War

  • 1675-1678

  • Native Leader Metacom aka King Philip vs colonist

Henry Hudson

  • An English sea explorer who diiscovered the Hudson River and Hudson Bay (Northeastern United States & Canada)

New Amsterdam

  • Dutch colony at mouth of Hudson River

  • Later taken by English and renamed New York in 1644

William Penn

  • Founded Pennsylvania

  • Quaker

  • Believed in equality

  • Religious tolerance

  • Good relations with Natives

Triangular Trade

  • Trade system between America, Europe, Africa: Sugar, Rice Indigo, Molasses

  • Europe manufactured goods: Guns Metals, Textiles

  • West Africa: Enslaved People

Middle Passage

  • Brutal voyage enslaved Africans endured across Atlantic to the americas

John Punch

  • African servant in Virginia

  • First recorded to be sentenced to slavery for life in 1640