Ethics in Nursing

Definition of Ethics:

• Ethics are the moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conducting of an activity.

• In nursing, ethics guide decisions and actions related to patient care.

Core Ethical Principles in Nursing:

• Autonomy:

  • Respecting a patient's right to self-determination and the freedom to make choices about their healthcare.

  • Ensuring patients have all the necessary information to make informed decisions.

• Beneficence:

  • Acting in the best interest of the patient.

  • Performing actions that are intended to do good and benefit the patient's well-being.

• Non-Maleficence:

  • Avoiding actions that could harm patients.

  • Ensuring that the potential benefits of treatment outweigh the risks.

• Justice:

  • Treating all patients fairly and equitably.

  • Distributing resources and care without bias or discrimination.

• Fidelity:

  • Maintaining loyalty and commitment to patients.

  • Keeping promises and honoring agreements.

• Veracity:

  • Being truthful and honest with patients.

  • Providing accurate information and avoiding deception.

Ethical Dilemmas in Nursing:

• Situations where there is a conflict between ethical principles, and no clear course of action.

• Examples include:

  • End-of-life care decisions.

  • Informed consent issues.

  • Confidentiality breaches.

  • Resource allocation.

Code of Ethics for Nurses:

• A formal statement of ethical principles and rules of conduct for nurses.

• Provides a framework for ethical decision-making and professional behavior.

• The American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics is a widely recognized standard.

Ethical Decision-Making Process:

• A systematic approach to resolving ethical dilemmas.

• Steps include:

  • Identifying the ethical problem.

  • Gathering relevant information.

  • Identifying conflicting values.

  • Considering possible courses of action.

  • Choosing and implementing a course of action.

  • Evaluating the outcome.

Patient Rights and Advocacy:

• Nurses have a responsibility to protect patients' rights.

• Advocating for patients ensures their needs and wishes are respected.

• This includes:

  • Informed consent.

  • Confidentiality.

  • The right to refuse treatment.

Common Ethical Issues in Nursing Practice:

• Informed Consent:

  • Ensuring patients understand the risks, benefits, and alternatives of treatment.

  • Obtaining voluntary consent before initiating any intervention.

• Confidentiality:

  • Protecting patients' private information.

  • Complying with HIPAA regulations.

• End-of-Life Care:

  • Respecting patients' wishes regarding life-sustaining treatment.

  • Providing comfort and support to patients and families.

• Cultural Competence:

  • Providing culturally sensitive care that respects patients' beliefs and values.

  • Avoiding cultural biases and stereotypes.

Resources for Ethical Support:

• Ethics committees: Provide guidance and consultation on ethical issues.

• Institutional review boards (IRBs): Review research proposals to ensure ethical standards are met.

• Professional organizations: Offer resources and support for ethical decision-making.

Legal Considerations in Nursing Ethics:

• Understanding the legal implications of ethical decisions.

• Complying with laws and regulations related to healthcare practice.