Grammar

Independent clauses

• Has a subject and a verb
  
  

Period

• Seperate 2 independent clauses

• I have a dog. He is very cool.

Semicolons

• Seperate 2 independent clauses

• The 2 sentences must be closely related

• My dog likes apples; Her dog likes oranges.

A. My dog likes apples; Her dog likes oranges.

B. My dog likes apples, Her dog likes oranges.

C. My dog likes apples. Her dog likes oranges.

D. My dog likes apples: Her dog likes oranges.

Commas

• Seperating a list

  • I like oranges, apples, and bananas
    
    

• FANBOYS

  • For

  • And

  • Nor

  • But

  • Or

  • Yet

  • So

He is scared of heights, yet he still jumped in the water.

• Non-essential info rule

  • My car, which is blue, is outside.

My name is Keshav, and I have a lot of extension cables, I am 10 years old.

A. ,

B. .

C. ;

D :

• Introductory clause

  • I had a car, before it got towed

  • Independent, Dependent

• Interrupters

  • The train, however, was delayed by an hour.

• Direct speaking

  • Sarah, pass the salt.
    
    

• Comma splice

  • Independent, Independent

  • ^ this is not allowed

  • run-on sentence

    • A sentence that keeps going on and on

Colons (interchangable with em dashes)

• Introduces a list

  • The groceries this week are: cheese, milk, and chicken.
    
    

    

  • Before a colon you must have an independent clause

  • My name is Keshav: said the boy.

Em Dash (interchangable with colons)

• —

• Put off information

• I have a dog — he is blue — and he ran away.

• I have a math teacher—she is a smart one.

• If an em dash happens, it either ends on another em dash or the sentence ends.

I have a dog — he is blue _ and he ran away.

A. ,

B. —

C. ;

D. .