Rhomboids & Levator Scapula

Rhomboids: Connect to the medial border of the scapula.
- Superior and Inferior Angles: Important landmarks; can be felt by placing the arm behind the back.
- Spine of the Scapula: Divides rhomboid minor (above) and rhomboid major (below) at the medial border.

Cervical Vertebrae: Seven vertebrae, stacked with a natural curve called the lordotic curve.
- Atlas (C1): Supports the head; lacks a spinous process but has transverse processes that can sometimes be palpated.
- Axis (C2): Characterized by the dens of the odontoid process, allows for head rotation.
  - Ligament Injuries: Ligamentous tissue holds the dens in place; injuries can lead to significant complications.
Vertebrae Structure:
- Spinous and Transverse Processes: Important for palpation, especially C2, which does have a spinous process.
- Lamina: Bony trough between the spinous and transverse processes.

Head Rotation: Primarily occurs at the axis (C2); the majority of head rotation does not significantly involve other cervical vertebrae.
- Ligament Ruptures: Can lead to severe consequences if the ligament connecting the dens and C1 is compromised.
- Symptoms of Injury: Dizziness or instability may indicate an issue with cervical connections.

Thoracic Vertebrae: Twelve vertebrae, associated with ribs, creating challenges for palpation due to their close association with the rib cage.
- Curvatures: Kyphotic curvature; excessive kyphosis can lead to degenerative disc diseases as individuals age.

Lumbar Vertebrae: Five vertebrae (L1 to L5) with prominent spinous processes that are easier to palpate than thoracic.
- Palpation Techniques: Focus on the area below the spinous processes (BSP); correlate with acupuncture points.
- Spondylolisthesis: A condition involving fractures that can lead to vertebral slippage.