Biology:

Publication Details and Staff Credits

K12 Inc. (NYSE: LRN) delivers digital learning platforms and technology to students and school districts worldwide, offering online and blended curriculum to charter schools, public school districts, private schools, and directly to families.

  • Copyright: Copyright © 2006, 2007 K12 Inc. All rights reserved.

  • ISBN: 978-1-931726-90-0

  • Printing Information: Printed by RR Donnelley, Shenzhen, China, March 2012. Lot 052012.

Staff List

  • Dan Franck: Content Specialist

  • Susanne Montaner: Art Director

  • Lisa Devaney-Ishaq: Production Manager

  • Carol Leigh: Designer

  • Christopher Yates: Cover Designer

  • Dan Pellito: Visual Designer

  • Henrik de Gyor: Illustrations Editor

  • Bruce Huntley: Illustrations Editor

  • Burl Rinesch: Text Editor

  • Susan's Riley: Text Editor/Quality Control Specialist

  • Ramzi Owad: Instructional Designer

  • Phil George: Instructional Designer

  • Rafi Pravant: Instructional Designer

  • Craig Burlin: Project Manager

  • Corey Maender: Project Manager

  • Connie May: Quality Control Manager

  • Bria Saalburg: Chief Learning Officer

  • John Heidchen: Senior Vice President for Content and Curriculum

  • Maria Szalay: Senior Vice President for Product Development

  • Jennifer Thompson: Director of Product Delivery

  • Tom DiGiovanni: Senior Director of Instructional Design

  • Kim Biondi: Creative Director

  • John G. Agnone: Director of Publications

  • Charles Ringwood: Director of Media and IP Management

  • Jeff Burdridge: Managing Editor

  • Steve Plaisance: Product Manager

Unit 1: The Science of Biology

  • How to Use This Book: Page x

  • Navigating a Page: Page xi

  • Biology Time Line: Page 2

  • History of Evolution 1: Page 4

  • History of Evolution 2: Page 6

  • Measurements: Page 8

  • Scientific Method: Page 10

  • Light Microscope: Page 12

  • Electron Microscopes: Page 14

  • The Characteristics of Life: Page 16

Unit 2: The Chemistry of Life

  • Elements: Page 18

  • Atoms: Page 20

  • Types of Chemical Bonds: Page 22

  • Biological Molecules: Page 24

  • Biological Compounds: Page 26

  • Monosaccharides: Page 28

  • Polysaccharides: Page 30

  • Proteins: Page 32

  • The Structure of Proteins: Page 34

  • Enzymes: Page 36

  • Lipids: Page 38

  • Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA: Page 40

  • Water: Page 42

  • ATP: Page 44

Unit 3: Cell Biology

  • Cell Membranes: Page 46

  • Cell Organelles: Page 48

  • Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Page 50

  • Diffusion and Osmosis: Page 52

  • Passive Transport: Simple and Facilitated Diffusion: Page 54

  • Active Transport: Page 56

  • Glycolysis: Page 58

  • The Krebs Cycle: Page 60

  • The Electron Transport Chain: Page 62

  • Chloroplasts: Page 64

  • Photosynthesis: Page 66

  • Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration: Page 68

  • Chromosomes: Page 70

  • Mitosis: Page 72

  • Cell Specialization: Page 74

  • Meiosis I: Page 76

  • Meiosis II: Page 78

Unit 4: Mendelian Genetics

  • Mendelian Genetics: Page 80

  • Monohybrid Cross 1: Page 82

  • Monohybrid Cross 2: Page 84

  • Pedigrees: Page 86

  • Viruses: Page 88

Unit 5: Molecular Genetics

  • DNA Structure 1: Page 90

  • DNA Structure 2: Page 92

  • DNA Replication: Page 94

  • DNA Makes RNA Makes Proteins: Page 96

  • Transcription: Page 98

  • Translation: Page 100

  • The Genetic Code: Page 102

  • RNA Structure: Page 104

  • Plant Cell Differentiation: Page 106

  • Animal Cell Differentiation: Page 108

  • Biotechnology 1: Page 110

  • Biotechnology 2: Page 112

Unit 6: Evolution

  • Geologic Time Scale: Page 114

  • History of Life on Earth: Page 116

  • Evidence for Evolution: Page 118

  • Chromosome Mutations: Page 120

  • DNA Mutations: Page 122

  • Types of Natural Selection: Page 124

  • Hardy-Weinberg Equation: Page 126

Unit 7: Survey of Living Things 1

  • Classification: Page 128

  • Phylogenetic Tree: Page 130

  • Bacteria and Archaeans: Page 132

  • Protists and Fungi: Page 134

  • Plants: Page 136

  • Animals: Page 138

  • Flatworms: Page 140

  • Ferns: Page 142

  • Primates: Page 144

  • Organ Systems: Page 146

  • Human and Flatworm Digestive Systems: Page 148

  • Digestive Enzymes: Page 150

  • Excretory Systems: Page 152

  • Human Kidney Function: Page 154

  • Gas Exchange: Page 156

  • Human Respiratory System: Page 158

Unit 8: Survey of Living Things 2

  • Human and Flatworm Nervous Systems: Page 160

  • Human Nervous System: Page 162

  • Nerve Signal Transmission: Page 164

  • Human and Flatworm Muscular Systems: Page 166

  • Muscle Contraction: Page 168

  • Human Endocrine System: Page 170

  • Plant Hormones: Page 172

  • Reproduction: Page 174

  • Female Reproductive System: Page 176

  • Flowers: Page 178

  • Immune System 1: Page 180

  • Viral and Bacterial Diseases: Page 182

  • Immune System 2: Page 184

  • Plant Defenses: Page 186

Unit 9: Ecology and the Environment

  • Ecological Levels of Organization: Page 188

  • Population Growth: Page 190

  • Ecosystem Diversity: Page 192

  • Terrestrial Biomes: Page 194

  • Characteristics of Biomes: Page 196

  • Marine Organisms: Page 198

  • Effects of Extinction: Page 200

  • Energy Flow: Page 202

  • Food Webs: Page 204

  • The Nitrogen Cycle: Page 206

  • The Phosphorus Cycle: Page 208

  • The Carbon Cycle: Page 210

  • The Water Cycle: Page 212