Vocabulary


  • 1. Inactive Stage: Bacterial stage forming protective spores.

  • 2. Spore-Forming Stage: Life stage where bacteria resist harsh environments.

  • 3. Communicable: Disease spread from one person to another.

  • 4. Contagious: Easily transmitted infection via contact.

  • Sepsis: Poisoned state caused by pathogen absorption.

  • 5. Subjective Symptom: Symptom felt only by the client.

  • 6. Objective Symptom: Visible symptom seen by others.

  • 7. Virus: Submicroscopic particle infecting biological cells.

  • 8. How Does a Virus Live: By invading cells to replicate.

  • 9. Parasites: Organisms living on a host.

  • 10. Plant Parasites: Fungal organisms like mold and yeast.

  • 11. Fungi: Plant-like organisms causing infections.

  • 12. Scabies: Contagious disease caused by itch mites.

  • 13. Pediculosis: Infestation of head lice on scalp.

  • 14. Immunity: Body’s ability to resist infection.

  • 15. Acquired Immunity: Resistance developed through exposure or inoculation.

  • 16. Natural Immunity: Inherited and healthy living resistance.

  • 17. EPA: Environmental agency registering disinfectants.

  • 18. FDA: Agency enforcing cosmetic safety laws.

  • 19. OSHA: Agency regulating workplace safety standards.


  • 20. MSDS: Product safety data information sheets.

  • 21. SDS: Uniform 16-section safety data format.

  • 22. Efficacy Number: Rating of disinfectant pathogen destruction.

  • 23. Disinfection: Destroying most pathogens on nonporous surfaces.

  • 24. Sterilization: Completely destroying all microbial life.

  • 25. Antiseptics: Skin-safe chemical germicides.

  • 26. Disinfectants: EPA-approved chemicals for nonporous tools.

  • 27. All-Purpose Comb: Versatile comb for general cutting.

  • 28. Taper Comb: Narrow comb for close blending.

  • 29. Flat Handle Comb: Wide comb for clipper-over-comb techniques.

  • 30. Wide-Tooth Comb: Spaced comb for detangling hair.

  • 31. Styling Brushes: Tools used to smooth hair.

  • 32. Blade Edges: Cutting borders of shears or clippers.

  • 33. Grinds: Shape of a blade's edge.

  • 34. Set of the Shears: Alignment and tension of blades.

  • 35. Thinning Shears: Toothed shears used to remove bulk.

  • 36. Parts of the Clippers: Motor, casing, and dual blades.

  • 37. Rotary Motor Clipper: Heavy-duty clippers for all hair.

  • 38. Pivot Motor Clipper: High-power clippers for thick hair.

  • 39. Trimmers: Small clippers used for detailing edges.

  • 40. Clipper Blades: Stationary and moving cutting components.

  • 41. Clipper Guards: Plastic attachments regulating haircut length.

  • 42. Parts of the Razor: Blade, handle, shank, and pivot.

  • 43. Types of Razors: Straight, safety, and changeable-blade tools.


  • 44. Razor Temper: Degree of hardness in razor steel.

  • 45. Razor Grind: Shape of the blade's inner side.

  • 46. Types of Hones: Water, oil, and synthetic sharpening blocks.

  • 47. Care of Hones: Regular cleaning and lubrication routines.

  • 48. Types of Strops: Leather and canvas alignment bands.

  • 49. Bones of the Cranium: Eight bones protecting the brain.

  • 50. Bones of the Face: Fourteen facial structure bones.

  • 51. Muscle Structure: Fibers creating movement via contractions.

  • 52. Origin: Fixed part of a muscle attachment.

  • 53. Insertion: Movable part of a muscle attachment.

  • 54. Belly: Middle part of a muscle body.

  • 55. Three Divisions of the Nervous System: Central, peripheral, and autonomic.

  • 56. Types of Nerves: Sensory, motor, and mixed pathways.

  • 57. Fifth Cranial Nerve: Primary sensory nerve of face.

  • 58. Chemistry of Water: Hydrogen and oxygen chemical compound.

  • 59. Soft Water: Low-mineral water that lathers easily.

  • 60. Hard Water: High-mineral water reducing lather effectiveness.

  • 61. pH Scale: Measurement of acidity and alkalinity.

  • 62. Solutions: Stable mixtures of dissolved solutes.

  • 63. Solute: Substance dissolved into a solution.

  • 64. Solvent: Liquid substance dissolving a solute.

  • 65. Water as a Universal Solvent: Liquid dissolving most salon substances.

  • 66. Suspensions: Unstable mixtures of undissolved particles.


  • 67. Surfactants: Cleansing agents that lower surface tension.

  • 68. Emulsions: Permanent mixtures of immiscible substances.

  • 69. Classification of a Shampoo: Grouped by clinical ingredients and pH.

  • 70. Anionics: Deep-cleansing, high-foaming surfactant molecules.

  • 71. Cationics: Conditioning, damage-repairing surfactant molecules.

  • 72. Nonionics: Mild, non-foaming surfactant chemical compounds.

  • 73. Amphoterics: Gentle, tear-free baby shampoo surfactants.

  • 74. Types of Shampoos: Clarifying, moisturizing, and color-treated varieties.

  • 75. Conditioners: Products smoothing cuticle hair layers.

  • 76. Instant Conditioners: Quick-acting daily detangling creams.

  • 77. Moisturizing Conditioners: Deep treatments for dry hair.

  • 78. Synthetic Polymer: Chemical coating adding hair volume.

  • 79. Protein: Treatment strengthening damaged hair fibers.

  • 80. Rinses: Solutions closing cuticles after shampooing.

  • 81. Medicated Rinses: Treatments addressing specific scalp issues.

  • 82. Bluing Rinses: Tones removing yellow from gray.

  • 83. Types of Tonics: Liquid preparations styling or stimulating.

  • 84. Cosmetic Preparations: Products enhancing physical client appearance.

  • 85. Astringents: Toners tightening skin and pores.

  • 86. Freshners: Mild toners restoring skin balance.

  • 87. Pomades: Thick pastes used to mold hair.

  • 88. Masks: Deep skin conditioning clay treatments.

  • 89. Packs: Nourishing, cream-based skin facial applications.


  • 90. DC Current: Direct current flowing one direction.

  • 91. AC Current: Alternating current reversing directions rapidly.

  • 92. Fuse: Safety device melting under high current.

  • 93. Circuit Breaker: Reusable safety switch stopping electrical overloads.

  • 94. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter: Outlet safety breaker preventing shocks.

  • 95. UL: Standard certifying safe appliance usage.

  • 96. Electrotherapy: Electronic current skin and scalp treatments.

  • 97. Modalities: Different types of electrical currents.

  • 98. Electrode: Applicator conducting current to skin.

  • 99. Galvanic Current: Constant, direct current skin modality.

  • 100. Faradic Current: Alternating current stimulating muscle contractions.

  • 101. Sinusoidal Current: Deeply penetrating alternating muscle treatment.

  • 102. Layers of the Skin: Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers.

  • 103. Epidermis: Outermost, non-vascular layer of skin.

  • 104. Stratum Corneum: Outer horny skin cell layer.

  • 105. Germanitivum: Basal cell layer producing new skin.

  • 106. Dermis: Inner, live layer of skin.

  • 107. Motor Nerves: Nerves commanding muscle movements.

  • 108. Sensory Nerves: Nerves transmitting feeling and sensations.

  • 109. Skin Color: Pigmentation derived from melanin cells.

  • 110. Glands of the Skin: Sudoriferous sweat and sebaceous oil.

  • 111. Functions of the Skin: Protection, heat regulation, and sensation.

  • 112. Disorders of the Skin: Clinical conditions affecting skin health.


  • 113. Symptoms of Skin Disorders: Redness, scaling, and open sores.

  • 114. Lesions: Structural changes in skin tissues.

  • 115. Primary Lesions: Initial changes like macules or vesicles.

  • 116. Secondary Lesions: Developed changes like crusts or scars.

  • 117. Hypertrophies: Abnormal skin growths like warts.

  • 118. Keratoma: Thickened skin patch known as callus.

  • 119. Mole: Small brown pigmented skin spot.

  • 120. Pigmentation: Skin coloration derived from melanin.

  • 121. Chloasma: Liver spots or skin hyperpigmentation.

  • 122. Lentigines: Technical term used for freckles.

  • 123. Leukoderma: Light patches caused by pigment loss.

  • 124. Albinism: Congenital absence of melanin pigment.

  • 125. Vitiligo: Hereditary patchy skin pigment loss.

  • 126. Dermatitis Venenata: Contact allergy from chemical exposures.

  • 127. Herpes Simplex: Viral blister outbreak around lips.

  • 128. Psoriasis: Red patches with silver scales.

  • 129. Eczema: Painful, itchy, acute inflammatory condition.

  • 130. Acne: Chronic oil gland skin inflammation.

  • 131. Asteatosis: Dry skin condition from oil deficiency.

  • 132. Seborrhea: Excessive oil gland discharge condition.

  • 133. Steatoma: Sebaceous cyst filled with sebum.

  • 134. Disorders of the Sudoriferous Glands: Malfunctions of the sweat glands.

  • 135. Anhidrosis: Lack of sweat production deficiency.


  • 136. Bromhidrosis: Foul-smelling sweat gland condition.

  • 137. Hyperhidrosis: Excessive sweating health condition.

  • 138. Milaria Rubra: Prickly heat sweat gland rash.

  • 139. Structure of the Hair: Root, bulb, follicle, and shaft.

  • 140. Follicle: Pocket encasing the hair root.

  • 141. Bulb: Club-shaped base of hair strand.

  • 142. Dermal Papilla: Blood supply feeding hair matrix.

  • 143. Three Layers of the Hair: Cuticle, cortex, and medulla.

  • 144. Hair Growth: Cyclic production of hair fibers.

  • 145. Vellus: Short, fine, downy body hair.

  • 146. Lanugo: Fine hair on newborn babies.

  • 147. Terminal Hair: Long, coarse, pigmented body hair.

  • 148. Normal Shedding of the Hair: Natural daily hair loss cycle.

  • 149. Growth Patterns: Direction hair grows from follicle.

  • 150. Hair Stream: Hair flowing in same direction.

  • 151. Whorl: Circular growth pattern on crown.

  • 152. Cowlick: Tuft of hair standing upright.

  • 153. Anagen: Active growth phase of hair.

  • 154. Catagen: Transitional resting phase of hair.

  • 155. Telogen: Final shedding phase of hair.

  • 156. Hair Analysis: Checking texture, porosity, and elasticity.

  • 157. Smell: Odor indicating scalp hygiene levels.

  • 158. Density: Number of hairs per square inch.

Page 8 (Terms 159–181)

  • 159. Texture: Thickness or diameter of strand.

  • 160. Porosity: Ability to absorb moisture easily.

  • 161. Elasticity: Ability to stretch without snapping.

  • 162. Types of Alopecia: Formats of abnormal hair loss.

  • 163. Androgenic Alopecia: Genetic hair thinning and balding.

  • 164. Alopecia Areata: Patchy, autoimmune hair loss disorder.

  • 165. Alopecia Senilis: Hair thinning from old age.

  • 166. Alopecia Syphilitica: Hair loss from advanced syphilis.

  • 167. Dandruff: Excessive shedding of scalp cells.

  • 168. Pityriasis Capitis Simplex: Dry, itchy flakes on scalp.

  • 169. Pityriasis Steatoides: Greasy, waxy dandruff crust conditions.

  • 170. Tinea: Ringworm fungal infection of skin.

  • 171. Tinea Capitis: Ringworm infection of the scalp.

  • 172. Tinea Sycosis: Fungal infection of bearded areas.

  • 173. Tinea Favosa: Fungal crusts forming honeycombed shields.

  • 174. Pediculosis Capitis: Infestation of head lice parasites.

  • 175. Folliculitis Barbae: Barber’s itch hair follicle inflammation.

  • 176. Pseudofolliculitis Barbae: Razor bumps from ingrown hairs.

  • 177. Sycosis Vulgaris: Chronic bacterial hair follicle infection.

  • 178. Furuncle: Acute bacterial boil on skin.

  • 179. Carbuncle: Large cluster of skin furuncles.

  • 180. Disorders of the Hair: Abnormal growth or structural damage.

  • 181. Hypertrichosis: Abnormal, excessive body hair growth.


  • 182. Monilethrix: Technical term for beaded hair.

  • 183. Fragilitas Crinium: Technical term for brittle hair.

  • 184. Arrector Pili: Muscle causing goosebumps on skin.

  • 185. Healthy Scalp: Flexible, clean, lesion-free skin.

  • 186. Draping for a Shampoo: Towel-cape-towel client protection setup.

  • 187. Methods of Shampooing: Massage manipulations while washing hair.

  • 188. Reclined Shampooing: Standard back-wash chair washing method.

  • 189. Inclined Shampooing: Forward-bending hair washing method.

  • 190. Scalp Stream: Directing water along scalp lines.

  • 191. Massage Movements: Effleurage, petrissage, friction, and tapotement.

  • 192. Sliding Movements: Smooth strokes across face lines.

  • 193. Ear to Crown Movement: Upward massage pathway toward crown.

  • 194. Scalp Treatment with Electric Massager: Vibrate massage using motor attachments.

  • 195. Hair Tonic Treatments: Application to stimulate scalp blood-flow.

  • 196. Scalp Steamers: Devices infusing moisture into cuticles.

  • 197. Cautions for Scalp Steamers: Avoid burns and over-processing skin.

  • 198. Theory and Benefits of Massage: Increases blood circulation and relaxation.

  • 199. Contraindications of Massage: High blood pressure or open sores.

  • 200. Types of Massage: Relaxing, stimulating, and therapeutic methods.

  • 201. Massaging over a Beard: Gentle circular deep tissue kneading.

  • 202. Electric Massager: Motorized hand-held vibration tool.

  • 203. High Frequency: Alternating current used to stimulate.

  • 204. Benefits of High Frequency: Germicidal effect and increased circulation.


  • 205. Antiseptic Benefits of High Frequency: Sanitizes skin via ozone production.

  • 206. Germicidal Benefits of High Frequency: Kills bacteria on skin surface.

  • 207. Indirect Application of High Frequency: Client holds electrode during massage.

  • 208. Skin Types: Dry, oily, normal, and combination.

  • 209. Four Skin Types: Classic categories of skin conditions.

  • 210. Skin Analysis: Inspecting skin texture and health.

  • 211. Skin Care Products: Cleansers, toners, and protective creams.

  • 212. Cleansers: Products removing dirt and oils.

  • 213. Tonics: Liquids balancing skin pH levels.

  • 214. Sanitation & Safety Precautions for Shaving: Sanitizing razors and changing linens.

  • 215. Styptic Powder Application: Stops bleeding via disposable applicators.

  • 216. Curly Facial Hair: Prone to ingrown razor bumps.

  • 217. Hair Growth Pattern: Direction whiskers grow from face.

  • 218. Hair Growth Pattern: Determining layout before shaving strokes.

  • 219. Lather Against the Grain: Applying cream opposite hair growth.

  • 220. Cutting Stroke: Angle razor cuts hair cleanly.

  • 221. Four Razor Positions: Freehand, backhand, reverse freehand, reverse backhand.

  • 222. How to Hold or Stretch the Skin: Tautly using the opposite thumb.

  • 223. Reverse Backhand Stroke: Upward stroke used left of face.

  • 224. Freehand Position when to use the Strokes: Downward shaves on neck/cheeks.

  • 225. Backhand Position and Stroke: Downward shaves on right face.

  • 226. Reverse Freehand Position & When to Use: Upward shaves on neck area.

  • 227. 14 Shaving Movements: Standard sequential barber shaving steps.

  • 228. Right Sideburn: Starting point of facial shave.


  • 229. Facial Shave: Shaving beard while preserving skin.

  • 230. Final Steps of a Shave: Apply toner, moisturizer, and powder.

  • 231. Warm Towel: Softens whiskers and relaxes client.

  • 232. Toner or Astringent: Cools skin and closes pores.

  • 233. Once-Over-Shave: Single pass shave across face.

  • 234. Close Shave: Shaving against grain second time.

  • 235. Neck Shave: Cleaning lower neckline throat borders.

  • 236. Check for Hypertrophies: Avoid shaving over skin moles.

  • 237. Mustache Design: Shaping lines matching upper lip.

  • 238. Facial Shapes: Oval, round, square, pear, oblong, diamond, inverted triangle.

  • 239. Oval: Ideal balanced geometric face shape.

  • 240. Round: Wide face needing slimming styles.

  • 241. Oblong: Long face needing volume on sides.

  • 242. Profiles: Straight, concave, or convex side view.

  • 243. Straight Profile: Ideal profile balanced face shape.

  • 244. Concave Profile: Inward curving profile protruding chin.

  • 245. Convex Profile: Outward curving profile receding chin.

  • 246. Head Form: Structural shape of skull bone.

  • 247. Reference Points: Fixed markers guides for cutting.

  • 248. Parietal Ridge: Widest area of head bone.

  • 249. Occipital Bone: Bone protruding at back skull.

  • 250. Apex: Highest point of the head.

  • 251. Elevation: Angle hair is lifted before cutting.


  • 252. Part: Line dividing hair into sections.

  • 253. Parting: Creating smaller sub-sections while cutting.

  • 254. Guide: Hair strand determining cut length.

  • 255. Layers: Creating volume by removing weight.

  • 256. Texturizing: Removing bulk without shortening lengths.

  • 257. Thinning: Decreasing thickness using notched shears.

  • 258. Outlining: Sharpening hair perimeter line edges.

  • 259. Shear Point Tapering: Blending tips using shear points.

  • 260. Arching Technique: Cutting clean lines around ears.

  • 261. Freehand Clipper Over Comb Cutting: Blending hair without attachment guards.

  • 262. Curly Hair Texture: Requires less tension when cutting.

  • 263. Clipper Cut Styles: Uniform short styles like buzzcuts.

  • 264. Flat Tops: Square-shaped level top hair style.

  • 265. Haircut Finish Work: Final neck shaves and styling.

  • 266. Trimming Brows: Grooming long stray eyebrow hairs.

  • 267. Finger Styling: Shaping hair using bare hands.

  • 268. Scrunching Styling: Squeezing curls to enhance pattern.

  • 269. Point Cutting: Texturizing hair ends using tips.

  • 270. Hair Replacement Systems: Non-surgical toupees and custom wigs.

  • 271. Types of Hair: Human, synthetic, and animal fibers.

  • 272. Hackling: Combing hair pieces through needles.

  • 273. Spirit Gum: Adhesive liquid securing lace hairpieces.