Great depression

Flashcard #1 \n**Term:** Great Depression \n**Definition:** A severe worldwide economic downturn that started in 1929 and lasted through the 1930s.

**Flashcard #2** \n**Term:** Stock Market Crash 1929 \n**Definition:** A significant decline in stock prices indicating systemic issues in the economy, not the sole cause of the Great Depression.

**Flashcard #3** \n**Term:** Buying on Margin \n**Definition:** A practice in the 1920s where investors purchased stocks using borrowed money.

**Flashcard #4** \n**Term:** Overproduction \n**Definition:** The condition where industrial capacity exceeded consumer demand, contributing to the Great Depression.

**Flashcard #5** \n**Term:** Reliance on Exporting Staples \n**Definition:** Canada's economic dependence on a few staple products for its exports, making it vulnerable.

**Flashcard #6** \n**Term:** Economic Protectionism \n**Definition:** Policies restricting international trade, leading to decreased markets for exports.

**Flashcard #7** \n**Term:** Dependence on U.S. Markets \n**Definition:** Canada's heavy reliance on the United States, which sold 40% of Canadian exports.

**Flashcard #8** \n**Term:** Deficit Financing \n**Definition:** The practice of funding government spending by borrowing rather than through taxation, proposed by Keynesian economists.

**Flashcard #9** \n**Term:** Unemployment Relief Camps \n**Definition:** Camps where unemployed men worked on public projects in exchange for food and shelter.

**Flashcard #10** \n**Term:** Hoovervilles \n**Definition:** Makeshift shanty towns built during the Great Depression, named after President Herbert Hoover who refused to provide relief.

**Flashcard #11** \n**Term:** Franklin D. Roosevelt \n**Definition:** U.S. president from 1933-1945 who implemented the New Deal to counteract the Great Depression.

**Flashcard #12** \n**Term:** Bennett's New Deal \n**Definition:** Canada's response similar to Roosevelt's New Deal, introduced in 1935 to reform economic policies.

**Flashcard #13** \n**Term:** On-to-Ottawa Trek \n**Definition:** A protest by unemployed men traveling from Vancouver to Ottawa demanding jobs and better wages.

**Flashcard #14** \n**Term:** Pogey \n**Definition:** A welfare program in Canada during the Great Depression providing vouchers for essentials.

**Flashcard #15** \n**Term:** Regina Riot \n**Definition:** A confrontation that occurred in 1935 during the On-to-Ottawa Trek, resulting in a violent clash with police.

**Flashcard #16** \n**Term:** Keynesian Economics \n**Definition:** An economic theory advocating for government spending to stimulate the economy during downturns.

**Flashcard #17** \n**Term:** International Debt after WW1 \n**Definition:** Debt incurred by countries after World War I, heavily impacting their economies during the Great Depression.

**Flashcard #18** \n**Term:** Tariffs \n**Definition:** Taxes imposed on imported goods, which increased during the 1920s and contributed to economic protectionism.

**Flashcard #19** \n**Term:** Dust Bowl \n**Definition:** Severe drought conditions in the 1930s causing significant agricultural failure and economic hardship.

**Flashcard #20** \n**Term:** Economic Collapse \n**Definition:** The sudden decline in the economy leading to widespread unemployment and poverty.

**Flashcard #21** \n**Term:** Crisis of Confidence \n**Definition:** The loss of faith in the economy by consumers and investors, exacerbating the Great Depression.

**Flashcard #22** \n**Term:** Shanty Towns \n**Definition:** Improvised housing made from scrap materials, common during the Great Depression.

**Flashcard #23** \n**Term:** New Deal \n**Definition:** A series of programs and reforms implemented by Roosevelt to address the Great Depression.

**Flashcard #24** \n**Term:** Public Works Projects \n**Definition:** Government-sponsored construction projects aimed at providing jobs and improving infrastructure.

**Flashcard #25** \n**Term:** Labor Unrest \n**Definition:** Discontent among workers leading to strikes and protests during the Great Depression.

**Flashcard #26** \n**Term:** Social Safety Nets \n**Definition:** Government programs designed to provide financial support to individuals during economic hardship.

**Flashcard #27** \n**Term:** Freight Train Hopping \n**Definition:** The act of traveling by freight trains, often used by unemployed men seeking work.

**Flashcard #28** \n**Term:** Protest Movements \n**Definition:** Organized efforts by groups such as the unemployed to demand economic relief and job opportunities.

**Flashcard #29** \n**Term:** Welfare State \n**Definition:** A government system that provides social safety nets and welfare programs to support citizens.

**Flashcard #30** \n**Term:** Economic Reforms \n**Definition:** Changes made to economic policies in response to the challenges posed by the Great Depression.

**Flashcard #31** \n**Term:** Consumer Confidence \n**Definition:** The degree of optimism consumers feel about the overall state of the economy.

**Flashcard #32** \n**Term:** Farm Subsidies \n**Definition:** Financial assistance provided by the government to support farmers during economic downturns.

**Flashcard #33** \n**Term:** Recession \n**Definition:** A period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced.