Previous Exam Repeat Questions

Predict which scenarios would most likely produce growth/airborne microbial contamination of sterile beef broth if Pasteur's S-shaped neck flask were cut. Scenario a: break near flask, Scenario b: break before the first curve, Scenario c: beak between the first and second curve in the S-shaped neck, Scenario d: break after the second curve in the S-shaped flask.

A: break near flask

B: break near first curve

  1. Which of the following statements are TRUE? 1. Electron carriers are located at ribosomes. 2. ATP is a common intermediate between catabolic and anabolic pathways. 3. ATP is used for long-term storage of energy and so is often found in storage granules. 4. Anaerobic organism can generate ATP via respiration. 5. ATP can be generated by the flow of protons across protein channels.

2. ATP is a common intermediate between catabolic and anabolic pathways

4. Anaerobic organism can generate ATP via respiration.

5. ATP can be generated by the flow of protons across protein channels.

  1. What is defining about fermentation?

Anaerobic, regenerates NAD+ from NADH to allow continued glycolysis which produces ATP w/o O2 or electron transport chain (ETC).

  1. What organism type has a carbon source of CO2 with inorganic molecules as energy source?

Chemoautotroph

  1. Which of the structures is NOT a functionally analogous pair? (hint: compare structures outside of the cell wall)

Fimbriae vs flagella (fimbriae aren’t for motility while flagella are)

Ribosomes vs pili (protein synthesis vs adhesion)

cell wall vs flagella (support vs motility)

  1. (picture originally provided may have been misleading) The enzyme used to create cDNA without introns AFTER an initial cDNA strand is transcribed from mRNA is called:

DNA polymerase or reverse transcriptase

  1. One advantage of a viral vector over a plasmid vector is that: (review pg 248)

viral vector can accept much larger pieces of DNA.

more efficient at delivering DNA to host cells?, i think it was holds more dna

  1. If an F+, Cys+ cell recombines with an F-, Cys- cell, what might happen to the F-,Cys- cell?

F+, Cys+ (might be just F+. Cys- since there wasn’t hfr mentioned)

  1. During PCR, instead of using DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus, human DNA polymerase is used. Starting with 1 molecule of DNA, after 3 full cycles are completed (assume all other conditions remain the same), how many DNA molecules do you expect to see? *slightly reworded from exam 2 question

8 DNA molecules

  1. There have been several changes in taxonomy over the years. Who proposed the current taxonomy described in your text with three Domains (1978):

Carl Woese

  1. Use of culture independent techniques like rRNA sequencing and FISH increased our understanding of microbial diversity. Why should microbiologists still attempt to grow new species?

To study physiology, metabolism, and interactions of organisms

  1. In specialized transduction, what may occur?

homologous recombination, Specific bacterial genes near the prophase insertion site are transferred to another bacterium

4) In what ways has PrPSc NOT been transmitted? 

Airborne? i put genetic which im pretty sure is right