For Hussein
8 • Lesson 1 Word List
(adj) 1. Having a strong desire for, to the point of greed.
Avid for the attention of their babysitter, the children shouted and tumbled about on the floor.
2. Eager; enthusiastic.
Kiara is an avid skateboarder who spends each weekend at the park.
(adj) Abrupt in manner or speech; gruff.
The coach's brusque speech at halftime showed how unhappy he was with the players.
brusqueness (n) The quality or state of being brusque.
With a brusqueness unlike her, Melanie ended the phone conversation.
(adj) Short and to the point.
"No Shoes, No Shirt, No Service" is a concise way of explaining a dress code.
(v) To cause a lowering of self-esteem; to lower in reputation or character.
don't demean yourself by trying to act like those bullies.
demeaning (adj) Degrading.
June felt that being scolded in front of her friends was demeaning.
(adj) Deserving contempt or scorn.
Stealing from the class treasury was a despicable thing to do.
(v) To try to equal; to imitate.
musicians around the world have tried to emulate Louis Armstrong's soulful trumpet playing.
(v) 1. To call forth; to produce.
The mayor's appeal for volunteers to clean up the park evoked a huge response from people in my neighborhood.
2. To bring to mind, often by suggestion.
The tinkling notes from the music box evoked for me the carefree joys of childhood.
evocative (adj) Creating something again, especially through the imagination.
The costumes and music of the firm were evocative of Paris in the 1920s.
(adj) Very painful.
The ointment soothed the excruciating burn on Dalip's arm.
(v) 1. To install in office with a formal ceremony.
Presidents of the United States are inaugurated in January following the November election.
2. To begin officially or mark the opening of.
On Tuesday, Mayor Ovalles inaugurated a new program to help the homeless.
inauguration (n) The act of installing in office.
Governor Maitland was at her desk within hours of her inauguration.
(v) To spread throughout.
Laughter pervades the house whenever Aunt Sara visits us.
pervasive (adj) Spreading throughout.
Long after the fire was extinguished, the pervasive odor of smoke remained in every room.
(n) An owner of a store or other business.
The proprietors of the downtown shops planned a sidewalk sale for the first weekend in June.
(n) A fictitious name used by an author; a pen name.
Female British authors of the nineteenth century often had to use a male pseudonym in order to get their books published.
(v) 1. To reject bluntly.
Our teacher rebuffed all our requests to change the deadline for the project.
2. To drive back.
Although the men in the Alamo were determined to rebuff Santa Anna's forces, in the end they were defeated.
(n) 1. A blunt rejection.
Caroline's offer to Frida to patch up their quarrel met with a rebuff.
2. An abrupt setback in progress.
After a storm delayed their start, the climbers experienced another rebuff when a rock slide shut down one of the trails.
(adj) 1. Capable of recovering quickly from misfortune.
After she lost her job, my mom was so resilient, she went out and found another one.
2. Returning quickly to an original shape or condition.
A wool sweater is more resilient after washing than a cotton one.
resilience (n) 1. The ability to recover.
Stefano showed great resilience after he caught the flu.
2. The ability to spring back.
Tennis balls lose resilience after three or four sets of vigorous play.
(adj) 1. Chaotic; unruly.
my brother and I tried our best to stay calm during the turbulent period of our parents' divorce.
2. Stormy; tempestuous.
Such a turbulent sea prevented all boats from leaving the harbor.
turbulence (n) 1. Great disturbance or agitation.
The turbulence of the 1960s included peace marches, civil rights protests, and assassinations.
2. Rapid changes in wind speed and direction in the atmosphere.
The "Fasten Your Seatbelts" sign flashed on when the plane encountered turbulence.
8 • Lesson 2 Word List
(n) 1. A wearing away or rubbing away by friction.
This protective coating helps prevent abrasion of the floor tiles.
2. A scraped or worn area.
Natalie's fall during the basketball game resulted in an abrasion on her knee.
abrasive (adj) 1. Causing wear by rubbing.
don't use this abrasive cleaner on the vinyl bathtub because it will scratch the surface.
2. Harsh or rough in manner; irritating.
The bus driver's abrasive tone made the excited children 'settle down in their seats.
(adj) Clothed or covered.
Clad in a black rubber suit, the diver jumped from the side of the rescue boat.
(v) To provide evidence to make more certain; to confirms.
Because he was standing at the stoplight when the accident occurred, Javier could corroborate the driver's statement.
(adj) Done in a hurry and with little attention to detail.
Sherlock Holmes made a cursory search of the bedroom before going into the dining room to question the family.
(v) 1. To remove the water from.
We use the oven to dehydrate apples, and then we add the dried fruit to our homemade granola.
2. To cause to lose bodily fluids.
The hot, dry desert air dehydrated the hikers, who had not brought enough water.
dehydration (n) The state of being dehydrated.
Dehydration from the drought has caused the plants to wilt.
(v) 1. To take or receive from a source.
After practicing so diligently, Hugo derived great satisfaction from the enthusiastic applause following his performance.
2. To obtain through reasoning.
We derived the answer to the question by applying logic.
(v) 1. To wire or equip with electric power.
As the population of India grows, the government is working hard to make sure all areas of the country are electrified.
2. To thrill or shock.
Marissa's skating performance, which included a layback spin and several perfectly executed triple axels, electrified the audience.
(v) To attempt earnestly.
The person we spoke to at the school office said she would endeavor to find the papers we needed.
(n) A serious, earnest effort toward a goal.
Arthur's endeavor to score twenty points a game throughout the season was a success.
(adj) Cautious; very careful.
Mr. Wu made a gingerly attempt to finish the science experiment without spilling the liquid.
(adv) Extremely cautiously.
Ella ran her tongue gingerly over where her wisdom tooth had been extracted.
(v) To make a face expressing feelings of pain, disgust, or contempt.
Hana grimaced when her computer froze and she realized she'd lost her book report.
(n) A facial expression that seems to express pain, contempt, or disgust.
A grimace crossed his face when he twisted his ankle on the sidewalk.
(adj) Causing horror or disgust.
The book told the gruesome details of living in Europe during the time of the Black Plague.
(n) 1. A list of possessions or goods on hand.
Before buying school supplies for the coming year, we make an inventory of all the supplies we already have.
2. The stock of goods on hand.
The store's Inventory of sheets and blankets was very low after the winter sale.
(v) To make a complete list of.
Once a year, the librarian inventories books and software in the resource center.
(v) 1. To take on the qualities of another; to imitate.
AstroTurf simulates real grass.
2. To pretend.
Although Riana simulated friendship, I wondered if she just wanted to copy my homework.
simulated (adj) Made to look genuine while being artificial.
Simulated leather looks and feels like the real thing.
simulation (n) An imitation of a possible situation.
The simulation of an explosion gave the emergency crews a chance to practice rescue procedures.
(v) 1. To give up or give in to; to yield.
After twenty-four hours on their feet, the relief workers succumbed to exhaustion, falling soundly asleep on their cots.
2. To cease to exist; to die.
Smallpox was so pervasive in the eighteenth century that many people succumbed.
(v) To suppose something without sufficient evidence.
Heloise surmised that her visitors were late because of traffic.
(n) A guess.
My surmise is that they are planning a surprise party for my birthday.