wgu s6: ENDOCRINE system

• Pituitary gland: `regulates growth and sexual maturity, part of HPA and HPT axis, and only alters cells in testes

• Pineal gland: produces melatonin; maintains circadian rhythm

• Thyroid; metabolism, body temp, homeostasis

  • parathyroid - PTH

  • thyroid - calcitonin

• Hypothalamus; connects endocrine and nervous system, regulates homeostasis

  • GHIH(growth hormone inhibiting hormone)

• adrenals; release stress and fight or flight hormones

• pancreas; regulates blood sugar with insulin or glucagon

THE STRESS RESPONSE

• Phase1 - the HPA axis

• Phase2 - HPA axis, but more

  • Hypothalamus release CRH > pituitary release ACTH > this makes adrenals release cortisol

  • Hypothalamus also release GHRH and TRH

• Phase 3

FEEDBACK LOOPS

• Negative feedback loop:
  The response reverses the original change to keep the body stable (homeostasis).
  Example: If body temperature rises, sweating cools it back down.

• Positive feedback loop:
  The response amplifies the original change until a specific outcome is reached.
  Example: During childbirth, contractions keep increasing until delivery.

• Receptor - sensor

• Control center - makes decision

• Effector - carries out response

HORMONES

calcitonin - increase calcium storage in bones by decreasing calcium from bloodstream

> the parathyroid gland does the opposite of ^ and increases calcium in the blood

somatostatin(GHIH) - inhibit hormone release.. is released by hypothalamus

both FSH and estrogen are required for ovulation… which is triggered by LH(luteinizing hormone)

prior to ovulation - estrogen levels increase and progesterone levels also increase

TSH(thyroid-stimulating) - t3 & t4 t3+t4 regulate metabolism and body temp

FSH(follicle stimulating) - estrogen production and growth of ovum

GH(growth hormone) grows and repairs tissue

ACTH - controls cortisol

ADH(antidiuretic) - controls water loss from kidneys

THYMOSIN PRODUCES T CELLS

Aldosterone - blood pressure and potassium