Module 4-6 medical terminology
Module 4: Respiratory Terminology
adenoiditis: Inflammation of adenoids.
bronchodilator: Medication that relaxes and expands the air passages in the lungs.
atelectasis: Collapse of lung tissue.
hyperventilation: Increased breathing rate and depth; can lead to decreased levels of carbon dioxide.
bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchial tubes.
hypoventilation: Decreased breathing rate or depth; can lead to increased carbon dioxide levels.
epiglottitis: Inflammation of the epiglottis, can obstruct airflow.
anoxia: Lack of oxygen in the tissues.
hemothorax: Accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity.
apnea: Temporary cessation of breathing.
laryngitis: Inflammation of the larynx, often causing hoarseness.
bronchospasm: Constriction of the bronchial muscles.
nasopharyngitis: Inflammation of the nasopharynx.
dyspnea: Difficulty breathing.
pharyngitis: Inflammation of the pharynx (throat).
eupnea: Normal, unlabored breathing.
pleuritis: Inflammation of the pleura (lung lining).
hypoxemia: Low oxygen levels in the blood.
pneumonitis: Inflammation of lung tissue.
hypoxia: Deficiency of oxygen reaching tissues.
pneumothorax: Accumulation of air in the pleural space.
orthopnea: Difficulty breathing when lying flat.
rhinitis: Inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane.
pulmonology: Study of the respiratory system.
tonsillitis: Inflammation of the tonsils.
tachypnea: Increased respiratory rate.
adenoidectomy: Surgical removal of the adenoids.
percussion: Tapping the body to determine the underlying structure.
lobectomy: Surgical removal of a lobe of the lung.
PPD skin test: Test to detect tuberculosis infection.
thoracocentesis: Procedure to remove fluid from the pleural space.
pulse oximetry: Non-invasive method to measure oxygen saturation.
tonsillectomy: Surgical removal of the tonsils.
asphyxia: Condition caused by lack of oxygen.
tracheostomy: Surgical opening in the trachea to facilitate breathing.
aspirate: To remove fluid or tissue via suction.
tracheotomy: Incision into the trachea.
endoscopy: Visual examination of internal structures with an endoscope.
bronchoscope: Instrument used to examine the bronchi.
laryngoscope: Instrument used to examine the larynx.
bronchoscopy: Procedure to visually examine the airways.
laryngoscopy: Examination of the larynx.
capnometer: Device used to measure the concentration of carbon dioxide.
oximeter: Device used to measure oxygen levels in blood.
endoscope: General term for instruments used for internal examinations.
spirometry: Test measuring lung function, specifically the amount and speed of air that can be inhaled and exhaled.
alveolar: Relating to the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs.
Module 5: Integumentary Terminology
abrasion: Scrape or rub off of the skin.
intradermal: Injection within the dermis.
cellulitis: Bacterial skin infection causing inflammation.
keratogenic: Related to or causing the formation of keratin.
laceration: A tear or cut in the skin.
necrosis: Death of body tissue.
urticaria: Hives; raised, itchy welts on the skin.
percutaneous: Through the skin.
debridement: Removal of dead or infected tissue.
subcutaneous: Beneath the skin.
excision: Surgical removal.
transdermal: Across or through the skin.
incision: A cut made in the skin.
cauterization: Process of burning a part of the body to remove or close a part of it.
alopecia: Hair loss.
suturing: Stitches used to close a wound.
cyst: A closed sac-like structure filled with liquid or semisolid material.
incision and drainage (I&D): Surgical procedure to release trapped pus or fluid.
diaphoresis: Excessive sweating.
jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes due to liver issues.
ecchymosis: Bruising or discoloration of the skin.
nodule: Solid bump larger than 1 cm.
edema: Swelling caused by excess fluid.
ulcer: Open sore on the skin.
erythema: Redness of the skin.
pustule: Raised spot on the skin filled with pus.
induration: Hardening of soft tissue.
papule: Small raised bump on the skin.
pallor: Paleness of skin.
vesicle: Small blisters containing fluid.
pruritus: Itching.
dermatoplasty: Surgical repair of the skin.
purpura: Red or purple colored spots on the skin caused by bleeding.
dermatome: Instrument used to cut skin; also, an area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve.
dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin.
epidermal: Related to the outer layer of skin.
xeroderma: Abnormal dryness of the skin.
hypodermic: Relating to the layer beneath the skin.
biopsy: Removal of tissue for diagnostic examination.
dermatology: Study of the skin and its diseases.
Module 6: Digestive Terminology
abdominal: Pertaining to the abdomen.
adhesion: Abnormal sticking together of tissues.
agenesis: Lack of development of an organ.
anorexia nervosa: Eating disorder characterized by refusal to maintain a healthy body weight.
aphagia: Inability to swallow.
appendectomy: Surgical removal of the appendix.
appendicitis Inflammation of the appendix.
ascites: Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.
barium enema: X-ray exam of the colon using barium contrast.
bulimia nervosa: Eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging.
capacitor: Device used to store an electric charge.
cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder.
cholelithiasis: Presence of gallstones.
cholangiogram: Imaging test of the bile ducts.
cholangiography: Imaging of the bile ducts.
colectomy: Surgical removal of all or part of the colon.
colonoscope: Instrument for examining the colon.
colonoscopy: Procedure to examine the colon.
colostomy: Surgical procedure to create an opening from the colon to the abdominal surface.
cryptography: Study of writing in secret code.
diarrhea: Frequent loose or liquid bowel movements.
dysentery: Inflammation of intestines leading to severe diarrhea.
diverticulitis: Inflammation of diverticula in the colon.
emesis: Vomiting.
fecal occult blood test: Screening test for hidden blood in the stool.
feces: Waste matter eliminated from the digestive tract.
flatus: Gas produced in the digestive system.
gastric lavage: Washing out the stomach.
gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining.
gastroplasty: Surgical reduction of the stomach size.
gastrostomy: Surgical opening made into the stomach.
gavage: Feeding by tube.
gingivitis: Inflammation of the gums.
glucogenesis: Formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
hematemesis: Vomiting blood.
hematochezia: Bright red blood in the stool.
hemorrhoidectomy: Surgical removal of hemorrhoids.
hemorrhoids: Swollen veins in the rectal area.
ileostomy: Surgical procedure to create an opening from the ileum to the abdominal surface.
ileus: Intestinal blockage.
jiu-jitsu: Martial art.
laparoscope: Instrument used for minimally invasive surgery.
laparotomy: Surgical incision into the abdominal cavity.
malabsorption: Inability of the intestines to absorb nutrients.
melena: Dark, tarry stools indicating bleeding in the upper GI.
nausea: Feeling of needing to vomit.
obesity: Excess body fat.
peptic ulcer: Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum.
peritoneal: Related to the membrane lining the abdomen.
peristalsis: Wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
polyp: Abnormal growth from mucous membranes.
proctology: Study of the rectum and anus.
proctologist: Specialist in disorders of the rectum and anus.
proctoscope: Instrument used to examine the rectum.
rectal: Pertaining to the rectum.
reflux: Backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus.
sign languages: Communication method using gestures.
sigmoidoscopy: Procedure to examine the sigmoid colon.
steatorrhea: Fatty stools.
stomatitis: Inflammation of the mouth.
sublingual: Under the tongue.
upper gastrointestinal series: Imaging study of the upper GI tract.
vomiting: Ejecting contents from the stomach through the mouth.
Additional Digestive Terminology
duodenal: Relating to the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine.
reflux: Backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus.
dyspepsia: Indigestion or discomfort in the upper abdomen.
stomatitis: Inflammation of the mouth.
dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing.
vomiting: Ejecting contents from the stomach through the mouth.
esophageal: Relating to the esophagus.
gastric: Pertaining to the stomach.
gastroenterologist: Specialist in digestive system disorders.
gastroenterology: Study of the digestive system.
ileo-cecal: Relating to the junction between the ileum and cecum.
nasogastric: Pertaining to the nose and stomach.
oral: Relating to the mouth.