Factors Affecting Performance - Summary
Key Questions (KQ)
- KQ1: How does training affect performance?
- KQ2: How can psychology affect performance?
- KQ3: How can nutrition & recovery strategies affect performance?
- KQ4: How does the acquisition of skill affect performance?
Stages of Skill Acquisition
- Cognitive: frequent errors, non-fluid; requires \text{distributed + part} practice & concurrent feedback.
- Associative: longest stage; movement smoother; self-feedback emerging; whole or massed practice viable.
- Autonomous: automatic execution; focus shifts to tactics; relies on whole practice/game situations; high-quality self-feedback.
Characteristics of the Learner (CHAPP)
- C: Confidence
- H: Heredity
- A: Ability
- P: Prior experience
- P: Personality
Nature of the Skill
- Environment: OPEN vs CLOSED
- Muscle involvement: GROSS vs FINE
- Continuity: DISCRETE, SERIAL, CONTINUOUS
- Pacing: SELF-PACED vs EXTERNALLY-PACED
Practice Methods & Learning Environment
- Practice structure: WHOLE vs PART; MASSED vs DISTRIBUTED
- Feedback timing: CONCURRENT vs DELAYED; INTERNAL vs EXTERNAL
- Decision making
- Strategic development
- Tactical development
Feedback Types
- Knowledge of Results (KR)
- Knowledge of Performance (KP)
- Internal vs External
- Concurrent vs Delayed
- Kinaesthetic sense
- Anticipation
- Technique
- Consistency
- Objective: uses data/measurements
- Subjective: opinion-based observations
Validity & Reliability
- Validity: test measures intended attribute (e.g., sit-and-reach for hamstring flexibility)
- Reliability: consistency of results under same conditions
Judging Criteria
- Personal judging: subjective, potentially biased
- Prescribed judging: checklists/rating systems; increases reliability & objectivity