exam 3 true and false

1. The term essential nutrient refers to the chemicals that can be interconverted in the liver so that the body can maintain life and good health.
   TRUE / FALSE

2. The most abundant dietary lipids in the diets of most Americans are triglycerides.
   TRUE / FALSE

3. The amount of protein needed by each person is determined by their age, size, metabolic rate, and the need to build new proteins.
   TRUE / FALSE

4. Vitamins are inorganic compounds that are essential for growth and good health.
   TRUE / FALSE

5. Cellular respiration is an anabolic process.
   TRUE / FALSE

6. The preferred energy fuel for the brain is fat.
   TRUE / FALSE

7. In order for amino acids to be oxidized for energy, the amine group (NH₂) must be removed.
   TRUE / FALSE

8. Processes that break down complex molecules into simpler ones are described as anabolic.
   TRUE / FALSE

9. For use as fuel, all food carbohydrates are eventually transformed to glucose.
   TRUE / FALSE

10. The circular folds of the small intestine enhance absorption by causing the chyme to spiral, rather than to move in a straight line, as it passes through the small intestine.
    TRUE / FALSE

11. Food often contains bacteria, but the HCl of the stomach is effective in killing most ingested microbes.
    TRUE / FALSE

12. The pharyngeal-esophageal phase of swallowing is involuntary and is controlled by the swallowing center in the thalamus and lower pons.
    TRUE / FALSE

13. All the chemical and mechanical phases of digestion from the mouth through the small intestine are directed toward changing food into forms that can pass through the epithelial cells lining the mucosa into the underlying blood and lymphatic vessels.
    TRUE / FALSE

14. Pepsinogen is the precursor to the gastric enzyme for protein digestion and is secreted by the parietal cells.
    TRUE / FALSE

15. The only essential function of the stomach is to begin the digestion of proteins.
    TRUE / FALSE

16. The bile salts are absorbed in the ileum to be recycled back to the liver.
    TRUE / FALSE

17. The major means of propulsion through the alimentary canal is peristalsis.
    TRUE / FALSE

18. The digestive function of the liver is to produce digestive enzymes.
    TRUE / FALSE

19. The pancreas has both an endocrine and an exocrine function.
    TRUE / FALSE

20. Most nutrients are absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villi by active transport.
    TRUE / FALSE

21. Severe diarrhea can diminish potassium ion absorption.
    TRUE / FALSE

22. The path urine takes after it is formed until it leaves the body is the urethra, urinary bladder, and finally the ureter.
    TRUE / FALSE

23. The position of the kidneys behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity is described by the term retroperitoneal.
    TRUE / FALSE

24. The entire responsibility for urine formation lies with the nephron.
    TRUE / FALSE

25. Both the male and female urethras serve both the urinary and the reproductive systems.
    TRUE / FALSE

26. The act of emptying the bladder is called voiding.
    TRUE / FALSE

27. High blood pressure triggers granular cells of the juxtaglomerular complex to release renin.
    TRUE / FALSE

28. Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate.
    TRUE / FALSE

29. An excessive urine output is called anuria.
    TRUE / FALSE

30. Tubular secretion is effective in controlling blood pH.
    TRUE / FALSE

31. Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption.
    TRUE / FALSE

32. The macula densa cells are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in the urea content of the filtrate.
    TRUE / FALSE

Blood in the urine may be a symptom of bladder cancer.
TRUE / FALSE