Imo Evumayo neImo Elandelayo kulwimi lwesiXhosa

Intloko yeSifundo: Imo Evumayo neImo Elandelayo

  • Esi sifundo sigubungela iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zeemo zezenzi kulwimi lwesiXhosa: Imo Evumayo (Positive Form) kunye neImo Elandelayo (Negative Form).
  • Imo Evumayo isetyenziswa xa umntu eqinisekisa okanye evuma ukuba isenzo siyenzeka okanye siyinyani.
  • Imo Elandelayo isetyenziswa xa kutshonwa okanye kukhanywa isenzo, kuboniswa ukuba loo nto ayenzeki.

Uhlalutyo lweMizekelo yegramatika

  • Umzekelo ka-Uzingce:

    • Imo Evumayo: "uzingce ucula kamnandi".
    • Imo Elandelayo: "uzingce akaculi kamnandi".
    • Kolu tshintsho, siphawula ukuba isimelabizo-siqhoboshelo sikatitshala "u-" sitshintsha sibe ngu-"aka-" kwaye isikhamiso sokugqibela sesenzo "-a" (ucula) sijika sibe ngu-"-i" (akaculi).

  • Umzekelo ka-Amyoli:

    • Imo Evumayo: "Amyoli upheka amangina amnandi".
    • Imo Elandelayo: "Amyoli akapheki am maqina amnandi".
    • Isenzi esithi "upheka" siba ngu-"akapheki" kwi-imo elandelayo, kwaye igama elithi "amangina" libhalwe ngokwahlukileyo njenge "am maqina" kulo mzekelo.

  • Umzekelo ka-Uzenkosi:

    • Imo Evumayo: "uzenkosi udlala ibhola yombhoxa".
    • Imo Elandelayo: "uzenkosi akayidlali ibhola yombhoxa".
    • Apha, isenzi "udlala" sitshintsha sibe ngu-"akayidlali" ukubonisa ukuphika isenzo sokudlala ibhola yombhoxa.

Iinkcukacha zeNombolo neMihla

  • Umhla obhalwe kwirekhodi: 13 uCanzibe13\,uCanzibe.
  • Ipesenti ebonisiweyo: 207%207\%.

Izixando kunye noLuhlu lwamagama

  • Isatifikethi okanye inqaku liquka uluhlu lwamagama anxulumene ne-"Isixando" (Verb Extensions), apho kukho amanqaku asuka ku-1 ukuya ku-5:
    • 1) Nizole
    • 2) uMama
    • 3) using
    • 4) Kutyiwa
    • 5) Kuyafunde

Amagama kunye neeMekobume ezongezelelweyo

  • Kwitranskripti kuvela amagama angaqhelekanga okanye amagama athile anokusetyenziswa njengezikhombisi okanye iikhowudi:
    • Owobro obmonies
    • Obmoni
    • Tadidi
    • zeze
    • zezixar
    • Dy ndiko
    • Olomainia I
    • Olondi
    • inime
    • OIDIDU
    • olemonia I
    • SINOM C

Imithetho yokuGuqula iImo

  • Xa kuguqulwa isivakalisi esikwi-Imo Evumayo sibe kwi-Imo Elandelayo, kuxhomekeka kudidi lwesibizo (noun class) kunye nexesha (tense):
    • Isimelabizo-siqhoboshelo (subject concord) sihlala sifumana isinege (prefix) u-"a-".
    • Kwixesha langoku (Present Tense), isikhamiso sokugqibela sesenzi sitshintsha ukusuka ku-"a" siye ku-"i".
    • Isimelabizo senjongo (object concord) singafakwa phakathi kwisiqhoboshelo sesihloko nesenzi, njengoko kubonakalisiwe kumzekelo othi "akayidlali" (apho "yi" ibhekisa kwibhola).