• Push and Pull Factors (and give examples of each)

  • Ellis Island - Mostly european immigrants moving to New York City

  • Angel Island - Checked immigrants from Asian Countries 

  • Nativism - the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immingrants 

  • Chinese Exclusion Act - prohibited immigration from China by most uneducated workers 

  • Gentlemen’s Agreement - the US asked Japan to prevent unskilled workers immigrating to the US

  • Ethnic Neighborhoods - when immigrants came to america, they started their own places such as little mexico and chinatown. Neighborhoods in large cities that contain large amounts of immigrants from the same country 

  • Major innovations (eg. Electric Power, Radio…) - telephone, typewriter, internal-combustion engine, electric motor, phonograph, radio, airplane, automobile, electric light bulb 

  • Thomas Edison - invented the light bulb and phonograph 

  • Bessemer process - Henry Bessemer created a process to make steel from iron, this new form of metal changed the way the world thought 

  • Alexander G. Bell - created the telephone 

  • Robber Barons- John D. Rockefeller, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Andrew Carnegie, and J.P Morgan 

  • Andrew Carnegie - Born to a poor family in scotland, an immigrant as a young boy, worked his way up in the pennsylvania railroad company carnegie Steel 

  • John Rockefeller - Leader of the standard oil company. rockefeller created a monopoly in the oil business. drove his competition out of business by lower ing prices below his cost then raised prices as much as he wanted 

  • Gilded Age - 1800s and 90s lavish lifestyles 

  • Grangers - group led by farmers who were upset about railroad price gouging, worked to pass laws that would prevent unfair business practices 

  • Sherman Anti-trust and Interstate Commerce Acts - two early laws aimed at giving the government the power to act as a watchdog over industries and protect the publics interest 

  • Labor Movement - grew out of the workers need to improve harsh working conditions and poor wages caused by an excess of workers 

  • NLU and Knights of Labor - formed in 1866 by an iron worker. Successfully argued for an 8 hour workday, among other safety concerns

  • Pullman strikes - started with a company that makes sleeper cars, workers hours were cut and could not afford to pay rent or live, eventually stopped the movement of trains 

  • Haymarket riot - a rally to protest police brutality against strikers at chicagos haymarket riot. Someone threw a bomb into the line of policemen that were sent to control the crowd 

  • Eugene V. Debs -  eugine organized the pullman strike  

  • Urbanization - the shift of population from rural locations to cities  

  • Urban Problems - lack of quality housing, transportation, water, diseases 

  • Muckrakers - journalists who acted as watchdogs to expose corrupt and extreme practices in American businesses and government. targeted the robber barrons 

  • Ida Tarbell - took on john rockefeller and the cutthroat practices of the standard oil company