HISTORY OF NURSING

NURSING HISTORY

  • Nurse came from latin word “Nutrire” means to suckle, wet nurse.

  1. MEDIEVAL PERIOD - Intuitive nursing

  2. MIDDLE AGES- apprentice nursing

  3. NIGHTINGALE ERA 19th to 20th century- educated nursing

  4. 20th century - Contemporary nursing

MEDIEVAL PERIOD

  • Nursing is untaught and intuitive

  • based on experience and observation

  • Nursing a function belonged to woman

    1. natural nurtiring job for them

    2. care for children, sick, aged family

  • Wet nursing- care for babies, children of their masters

  • sperstitious, magic → sickness is due to

    1. Human - witchcraft

    2. non human- ghost

    3. superhuman beings- deities

  • Trephining- Drilling a hole in skull with rock or stone, without anesthesia to drive away evil spirits

MIDDLE AGES

  • care by crusaders, prisoners, religious orders

  • care is directed by experienced nurses

  • Fabiola - wealth provide houses of care, healing for poor, sick, homeless

  • Knigh hospitallers- caretakers of soldiers, battle medics

  • Knights of Saint Lazarus- care for leprosy, syphilis, chronic skin conditions

  • Wrath anger = Protest, shortage of people to care for sick, hundreds of hospital closed, woman nursing for prostitutes, alcoholics, prisoners

  • Kaiserswerth Institute

    1. made by Pastor theodore Fliedner. his wife Frederika,

    2. 1st formal traning school In GERMANY

    3. Florence nightingale 3 month course of study

NIGHTINGALE ERA

  • Influenced by Crimean, civil war, social consciousness, educational chances for women

  • Sir sidney Herbert - asked F.N to recruit Female nurses in crimean war

  • Nightingale training school of nurses opened at St Thomas(london) on 1860

  1. graduates traveled to other countries

  2. profession within hospitals, formal nursing education, service began

  3. 1st school with theory based knowledge and clinical skill building

  4. Nursing as a science

    • Degree qualified

    • Skilled and knowledgeable

    • Professional

    • Capable, competent

  5. Cursing as an art

    • Care

    • compassion

    • support

    • communication

    • reassurance

    • spiritual calling

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE (MOTHER OF MODERN NURSING)

  • born→ may 12, 1800 in florence italy

  • Lady with the lamp- made rounds in crimean war with a lamp

  • Affluence in england, at age 31 entered kaiserswerth, family didnt believe her ambitions

  • Pioneer of nursing education

  • Superintendent at gentlewomen Hospital

  • mational nurses day on may 12

Changed profile of nursing

  • Documented hospital visits, noting poor sanitation and social issues.

  • Highlighted the importance of preventive medicine and proper nursing care.

  • Advocated for hygiene and better care for patients, opposing restrictive admission policies.

  • Transformed nursing into a respected profession for women.

  • Led nurses during the Crimean War.

  • Published Notes on Nursing and Notes on Hospitals.

  • Changed public perception of nursing and improved nurse education methods.

  • .

20th century (CONTEMPORARY NURSING

  • Nurse licensure began.

  • Diploma programs for nurse training were introduced.

  • Baccalaureate and advanced degree programs were developed.

  • Specializations in hospitals and diagnostics emerged.

  • Marked by scientific, technological, and social progress:

    • Health recognized as a basic human right.

    • Nurses became involved in community health.

    • Use of disposable medical supplies and advanced equipment.

    • Expanded nursing roles.

    • WHO was founded by the United Nations.

    • Aerospace nursing emerged.

    • Atomic energy used for medical diagnosis and treatment.

    • Computers were integrated into healthcare.

PHILIPINES NURSING HISTORY

HEALTHCARE DURING SPANISH REGIME

  • Nursing involved basic care like nutrition, wound care, and tending to sick family members.

  • Babaylans (priest physicians) or abularyos (herb doctors) provided interventions.

  • Early Filipinos relied on superstitions and mysticism to explain health and sickness.

  • Illness was believed to be caused by witches, evil spirits, or enemies.

  • Diseases with unknown causes were attributed to witchcraft (mangkukulam).

  • Difficult childbirths were linked to spirits (nonos).

  • Evil spirits were thought to be expelled by those with special powers.

  • Belief in healing gods and priest-physicians was common.

EARLIEST HOSPITALS

  • Hospital Real de Manila San Juan de Dios Hospital: Established by Gov. Francisco de Sande to care for Spanish soldiers and civilians.

  • San Lazaro Hospital (1900): Founded by Brother Juan Clemente; specialized in leprosy care, managed by the Hospitallers of San Juan de Dios.

  • Other Spanish-era hospitals: Religious orders built hospitals like Hospital de Aguas Santas and Hospital de Indios to care for the sick.

  • Late 1890s: The war between the Philippines and Spain caused many casualties, leading women to take on nursing roles.

  • The emergence of Filipina nurses led to the formation of the Philippine Red Cross.

  • Josephine Bracken (Jose Rizal’s wife):

    • Set up a field hospital in Tejeros, providing round-the-clock care for wounded soldiers.

    • First Filipina to establish a school.

    • Advocated for Filipinos' right to vote.

    • Turned her home into quarters for Filipino soldiers during the Philippine-American War in 1899.

  • Hilaria de Aguinaldo: Organized the Filipino Red Cross.

  • Melchora Aquino (Tandang Sora): Cared for wounded soldiers, offering them food and shelter.

  • Captain Salomen: Revolutionary leader in Nueva Ecija who provided nursing care when not fighting.

  • Agueda Kahabagan: Laguna revolutionary leader who nursed her troops.

  • Trinidad Tecson (Ina ng Biak na Bato): Cared for wounded soldiers at the Biac na Bato hospital.

HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING

  • Iloilo Mission Hospital (1906):

    • First hospital in the Philippines to train Filipino nurses.

    • Established by Baptist Missionaries.

    • Initiated the development of nursing schools.

    • Pensionado Act of 1903: Allowed Filipino nursing students to study in the U.S.

  • Saint Paul’s Hospital School of Nursing (1907):

    • Founded by Archbishop Jeremiah Harty, managed by the Sisters of St. Paul de Chartres in Intramuros.

    • Started a nursing training school in 1908, led by Mother Melanies (superintendent) and Miss Chambers (principal).

  • Philippine General Hospital (PGH) School of Nursing (1907):

    • Originated as a dispensary for civil officers in 1901, later became a Civil Hospital.

    • Mary Coleman Masters championed training Filipino girls in nursing.

    • Admission required passing an entrance exam.

REVIEW THROUGH YEARS (PH)

  • Iloilo Mission Hospital Training School of Nursing (1906):

    • Graduated the first trained nurses in the Philippines in 1909 with no admission standards except "willingness to work."

    • Held a board exam outside Manila in April 1946, requested by Ms. Loreto Tupas (principal).

  • Other Nursing Schools (1907):

    • St. Luke’s Hospital School of Nursing: Began as a dispensary clinic.

    • Mary Johnston Hospital School of Nursing.

  • Development of Nursing Practice:

    • 1911–1921: Board Examiners for Nursing created; first nursing board exam held in 1920.

    • 1921–1931:

      • Filipino Nurses Association established.

      • Nurses required to register yearly.

      • Joined the International Council of Nurses in 1999.

  • Public Health Nursing (1931–1941): Development of nursing services in the community.

  • Bachelor of Science in Nursing (1941–1951):

    • Colleges of Nursing established:

      • University of Santo Tomas (1946).

      • Manila Central University (1947).

      • University of the Philippines Manila (1948).

  • Proliferation of Nurses (1951–1971):

    • Republic Act 887 ("Nursing Practice Law") limited nursing practice to those 21 years old and above.

  • Nursing Profession Development (1971–2001):

    • Republic Act 7164 (Philippine Nursing Act of 1991) expanded nursing roles (management, teaching, leadership).

    • Academic qualifications for nursing faculties updated to Master’s level.

  • Further Changes in Nursing Laws (2001–Present):

    • Republic Act 9173 (Philippine Nursing Act of 2002): Updated nursing policies and licensure exam requirements.

    • Amendments made in 2020.

  • Key Nursing Laws:

    • Republic Act 877: Nursing Practice Law.

    • Republic Act 7164: Philippine Nursing Act of 1991.

    • Republic Act 9173: Philippine Nursing Act of 2002.

CDU

Here is a simplified and organized version of the information:

History of Cebu Doctor's University (CDU):

  • 1971: Cebu Doctor's College (CDU) was established.

    • 1973: College of Nursing (CDU-CN) was founded.

    • 1975: College of Arts & Sciences was established.

    • 1976: College of Medicine was founded.

    • 1980: College of Dentistry and College of Optometry were established.

    • 1982: College of Allied Medical Sciences was created.

  • October 3, 1984: CDU-CN was granted a three-year accredited status by the Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges, and Universities (PAASCU). CDU-CN was the first accredited nursing college in Cebu City.

  • 1992: CDU-CN was recognized as an excellent nursing program in Region VII by the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports (DECS). It was ranked 4th out of 151 nursing schools in the country based on a 5-year study by DECS and the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC).

  • February 8, 2005: Cebu Doctor's College was granted university status by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) in recognition of its strong board performance, societal contributions, and improvements in various professions through its colleges.

College Deans:

  • Dr. Filomena C. Flores (1975 – 1985)

  • Dr. Ofelia S. Sisno (1985 – 2016)

  • Dr. Rommel P. Merioles (2016 – present)