Seven Years' War and Colonial Tensions Notes

LEARNING OBJECTIVE - Explain the causes and effects of the Seven Years' War (the French and Indian War).

INTRO - At what cost was the victory Britain had in the Seven Years War?

  • They collected taxes and enforced trade laws more aggressively in the colonies.

EMPIRES AT WAR 1689-1763

  • King William's War (1689-1697)
    • British launched expedition to capture Quebec, but the effort failed.
  • Queen Anne's War (1702-1713)
    • British Forces prevailed and gained Nova Scotia from France and trading rights.
  • King George's War (1744-1748)
    • British was under attack from French and Spanish Britain gives Louisburg back for gains in India.
  • What do these wars have in common?
    • They were named after the British king or queen under whose reign they occurred.
    • Also between Britain and France.

THE DECISIVE CONFLICT - 1754-1763

  • 9 years
  • full blown war in 175
  • fought over LAND
  • combative relationship between British and cols
  • Seven Years War (French and Indian War)
    • When: July 3, 1754 beginning -1763 end
    • Where: Pennsylvania to North Carolina
    • Nations involved: British and French, Colonists, Natives
    • Winner: British
    • Albany Plan of Union: provided an intercolonial gov
    • Key Leaders: George Washington, Edward Braddock
    • Peace of Paris: the European peace treaty
    • 1763- Britian gains land from Canada to Florida
    • Cause of War:
    • British thought the French provoked the war by building a chain of forts in the Ohio River Valley
    • Territorial Outcome & Effects:
  1. unchallenged Supremely
  2. dominent naval power
  3. no threat cf анасus
  4. onang of view between British and colonists

REORGANIZATION OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE

  • Salutary Neglect
    • Britian had exercised little direct control over the colonies and had generally allowed its navigation laws regulating Colonial trade to go unenforced.
  • Pontiac's Rebellion
    • In 1763, Chief Pontiac led a major attack against colonial settlements.
    • Destroyed forts and settlements from New York to Virginia

BRITISH VIEW

  • Low opinion of +ne Colonial military abilities.
  • Convinced that colonists were unable/willing to defend the new frontiers

COLONIAL VIEW

  • Opposite of British.
  • Proud of their record in all four wars and developed confidence.
  • Not impressed with british troups

Proclamation of 1763

  • British government issued a proclamation that prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appala- enian Mountains.
  • This was met with anger and difiance.

Growing British-Colonial Tensions

  • The British denied benefits to the colonists which angered +nem, The acts represented threats to cherised tneir liberties

LEARNING OBJECTIVE - Explain how and why colonial attitudes about government and the individual changed in the years leading up to the American Revolution.

INTRO - How would you describe the Enlightenment? A period where reason and science people began focusing rather than emotion.

ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS

  • Deism

    • Belief that God had established natural laws in the universe, but that the role of divine intervention in human affairs was minimal

  • Rationalism

    • Trusted human reason Solve many problems of life and Society.
    • Emphasis on reason, science, and respect for humanity.
    • John Locke
    • People had natural rights of life, liberty, and property
    • Jean-Jacques Rousseau
    • He believed in direct democracy and agreed with division of labor

RENEWAL OF THE CONFLICT

  • Committees of Correspondence
    • Samuel Adams 1772
    • The Committies thes exchanged letters about suspisious and potentially threatening British activities
  • Gaspee
    • A British custums ship that had caught several sme- leirs.
  • Colonists continued to Boycott British tea, A shipment of tea came
  • Boston Tea Party
    • and a group of Bostonrans disguised themselves as American hndians, boarded the British ships, and dumped 342 chests of tea in the harbor
  • Tea Act 1773:
    • Made the price of the companys tea cheaper than butch tea, even with taxes
  • Intolerable Acts
    • The Coercive Acts (1774)
  1. Port Act: Closed the port of Boston, prohibited trade in/out,
  2. Massachusetts Government Act: reduced the power of tre Massachusetts legislature and increased power to gov
  3. Administration of Justice Act: Allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in Great Britain
  4. Quartering Act: enabled British troops to be quartered in Private homes
  • Quebec Act (1774)
    • Organized the Canadian lands gained from France, Established Roman Catholicism as the official religion of Quebec, Set up gov without a representative assembly, extended Quebec's boundry to the Ohio River

ARGUMENTATION - THE PROCLAMATION LINE AND THE QUEBEC ACT

  • Were the Sons of Liberty justified in the Boston Tea Party? yes
    • Defend your answer with three pieces of evidence.
  1. Colonists needed to take more action because boycotting didn't work
  2. it was not a violent act
  3. They had to stand up for themselves
  • Explain how the Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) were both an effect of colonial actions and a cause of colonial action.
    • CAUSE- caused more revolts
    • EFFECT- They were an effect of the boycotts and Buston Tea Party

LEARNING OBJECTIVE - Explain how British colonial policies regarding North America led to the Revolutionary War.

INTRO - What was the chief reason for colonial discontent?

  • The Proclamation of 1763

BRITISH ACTIONS & COLONIAL REACTIONS

  • Proclamation of 1763 British felt Acts were justified →→→Colonist viewed acts as a threat to their liberties
  • Colonists desired to defend:
  1. cherished liberties
  2. representitive government
  3. acess to western land
  • Core dividing issues:
  1. The Proclamation of 1763
  2. Colonists having to pay for protection

NEW REVENUES AND REGULATIONS

  • British Action
    • The Sugar Act (1764)
    • What was it?
    • An act to place duties on foreign sugar and certain luxuries.
    • Purpose?
    • The purpose was to raise money for the crown and Provide for
    • Strictcy enforce me on the Navigation Acts to Stop Smuggling
  • The Quartering Act (1765)
    • Act that required the colonists to provide food Soldiers and living quarters for British stationed in the colonies.
    • Salutary neglect ends after war
  • The Stamp Act (1765)
    • Required that revenue stamps be placed on most printed paper in the colonies as a way at taxing and was the first direct tax on the colonists
    • Stamp Act Congress:
    • Only their own elected representitives had the right to approve taxes
    • Economic Pressure:
    • Sharp drop in trade which put pressure on
    • Sons & Daughters of Liberty:
    • secvet Society organized for purpose of intimineting tax agents
    • Declaratory Act 1766:
    • Parliment voted to repeal the Stamp The British could tax the Parliment to repeat stamp Ace colonists "in all ways whatsoever"

SECOND PHASE OF THE CRISIS 1767-1773

  • The Townshend Acts Writ of assistance
    • New duties to be collected
    • A general license to search anywhere
    • on imports of tea, glass, lead, and paper.
    • Also allowed search fur smuggled goods,
    • Letters From a Farmer
  • Repeal of the Townshend Acts
    • John Dickinson,
    • Since out ics form were a of