CHAPTER 7- French Revolution
Which of Napoeon’s mistakes was the most serious? Why?
Invading Russia was his most serious mistake because he lost most of his army.
Agree or disagree: Napoleon had no choice but to invade Russia. Why or why not?
Disagree because he could have avioded war and at least try to settle it peacefully.
Why was Napoleon’s delay of the retreat from Moscow such a great blunder?
Because he waited too long for Russia to surrender, so his army had to return from the freezing winter.
Why were the European allies able to defeat Napoleon in 1814 and again in 1815?
They joined together, combined armies, which helped them defeat Napoleon and weaken his forces for defeating him again.
Do you think Napoleon was a good leader? Explain why or why not.
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Yes, one way was because he made many reforms that slowly brought us to modern day France. Another reason is that he won many battles to help France become better.
Old Regime
The social and political social system that existed in France before the French Revolution.
Estates
One of three social classes in France before the French Revolution.
First Estate
Consisting of the Clergy.
Second Estate
Consisting of the Nobility.
Third Estate
Rest of the population.
Louis XVI
Was the last king of France before the fall of the monarchy.
Marie Antoinette
Married to Louis XVI, last queen of France before the French Revolution abolished monarchy, born in Austrian.
Estates-General
An assembly of representatives from all three estates- to approve this new tax, the meeting, the 1st in 175 years, was held on May 5th,1789, at Versailles.
National Asssembly
A French congress established by representives of the Third Estate on June 17th, 1789, to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French people.
Tennis Court Oath
The Third Estates delegates broke down a door to an indoor tennis court, pledging to stay until they had drawn up a new constitution.
Bastille
A massive 14th-century medevil fortress and royal prison in Paris, France.
Great Fear
A wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countrysides after the storming of the Bastille in 1789.
Declaration of the Rightsof Man and of the Citizen
A foundational human and civil rights document adopted by France’s National Constitutent Assembly in 1789.
Legislative Assembly
A French congress with the power to create laws and approve declarations of war, established by the constitution of 1791.
Emigres
People who leave their native country for political reasons, like the nobles and others who fled France during the peasant uprisings of the French Revolution.
Sans-culottes
In the French Revolution, a radical group made up of Parisian wage-earners and small shopkeepers who wanted a greater voice in government, lower prices, and end to food shortages.
Jacobins
Members of the most famous and radical political club of the French Revolution.
Guillotine
A machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution.
Maximillien Robespirre
French lawyer and politicain who became one of the most powerful figures, famously leading the Regin of Terror.
Napoleon Bonaparte
A French military general and statesman who rose to power, crowned himself Emperor of France in 1804.
Regin of Terror
The period from mid-1793 to mid-1794, when Maximilien Robespierre ruled France nearly as a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed