OBJECTIVES In this presentation, we will learn about:

• The assignment operator (=) always works from right to left.

• The left side must be a variable to receive data from the right side.

• Arithmetic assignment operators include:

  • += Addition assignment operator

  • -= Subtraction assignment operator

  • *= Multiplication assignment operator

  • /= Division assignment operator

  • %= Remainder assignment operator

Suppose we have the following variables. Here is an example:

int x = 5;
x += 3; // Equivalent to x = x + 3; Now x is 8
x -= 2; // Equivalent to x = x - 2; Now x is 6
x *= 4; // Equivalent to x = x * 4; Now x is 24
x /= 3; // Equivalent to x = x / 3; Now x is 8
x %= 5; // Equivalent to x = x % 5; Now x is 3

UNARY MINUS OPERATOR

• To change the sign of a number, use the unary minus operator (-) before the number.

• The operand can be any integer or floating-point number.

• Example: Given x = 1.234, -x equals -1.234. Given x = -1.234, -x equals 1.234.

Let's consider a variable:

float x = 5.7;
float y = -x; // y is now -5.7

int a = -10;
int b = -a;  // b is now 10

INCREMENT AND DECREMENT OPERATORS

• Increment operator (++): ++x (pre-increment), x++ (post-increment).

• Decrement operator (--): --x (pre-decrement), x-- (post-decrement).

int x = 5;

// Pre-increment: Increases x by 1 first and then uses the updated value.
int result1 = ++x;  // x is now 6, result1 is 6

int y = 10;

// Pre-decrement: Decreases y by 1 first and then uses the updated value.
int result2 = --y;  // y is now 9, result2 is 9

int a = 3;

// Post-increment: Uses the current value of a and then increases it by 1.
int result3 = a++;  // result3 is 3, a is now 4

int b = 7;

// Post-decrement: Uses the current value of b and then decreases it by 1.
int result4 = b--;  // result4 is 7, b is now 6

RELATIONAL OPERATORS

• Six types of relations between expressions:

  • == Equal to

  • != Not equal to

  • > Greater than

  • < Less than

  • >= Greater than or equal to

  • <= Less than or equal to

int a = 5, b = 10;

bool isEqual = (a == b);     // false
bool isNotEqual = (a != b);  // true
bool isGreater = (a > b);    // false
bool isLess = (a < b);       // true
bool isGreaterOrEqual = (a >= b);  // false
bool isLessOrEqual = (a <= b);     // true

CAST OPERATOR

• Convert the data type of a variable, expression, or constant by using the cast operator.

• General form: (data-type) x

int x = 10;
float y = (float)x; // Casting integer to float, y is now 10.0

double a = 5.7;
int b = (int)a;     // Casting double to integer, b is now 5

SUMMARY

We've covered the following key operators:

• Assignment operator (=): Assigns the right-side value to the left-side variable.

• Arithmetic assignment operators (+=, -=, *=, /=, %=): Combine arithmetic operators with assignment.

• Unary minus operator (-): Negates numeric values.

• Increment and decrement operators (++ and --): Increase or decrease values.

• Relational operators (==, !=, >, <, >=, <=): Compare expressions.

• Cast operator: Change data type by prefixing it with (data-type).