Chemical Analysis

PURITY AND FORMULATIONS:

Definition of Chemical Analysis
- Also known as analytical chemistry.
- Involves instruments and methods to separate, identify, and quantify substances.
Upcoming Topics
- Examples of methods:
  - Paper chromatography for pigment separation.
  - Filtration and crystallization for isolating solids from liquids.
  - Distillation for separating different liquids.
- Chemical tests for identifying common gases.

Definition of Pure Substances
- Contains only one type of compound or element.
- Examples:
  - Pure water (only water molecules).
  - Pure sodium chloride (only sodium chloride molecules).
- Mixtures (e.g., saltwater) are not considered pure.
Importance of Purity
- Pure substances have specific melting and boiling points.
  - Example: Water boils at 100°C; sodium chloride melts at 801°C.
- Physical tests can identify unknown substances based on boiling/melting points.
- Chemical tests involve reactions with other chemicals to identify substances.
Impurities and Their Effects
- Impure substances do not have specific melting and boiling points.
- Melting and boiling occur over a range of temperatures.
- Impurities generally lower melting points and increase boiling points.
  - Example: Saltwater melts at approximately -2°C and boils at around 100.5°C.

Definition of Formulations
- Mixtures prepared using specific formulas with precise amounts of components.
- Serve particular functions, similar to a recipe.
Applications of Formulations
- Used in various products:
  - Fuels
  - Cleaning agents
  - Paints
  - Medicines
  - Alloys
  - Fertilizers
  - Food and drink
Characteristics of Formulations
- Components are always present in the same proportions.
- Each component contributes different properties to the formulation.
  - Example: Green paint requires components for color, adhesion, and other properties.

Wrap-Up
- Overview of chemical analysis, purity, and formulations.
- Encouragement to like and subscribe