Top Hat questions for lectures 8-13 (exam 3)

Key Concepts in Biology (BIOL 2110 - Top Hat Questions)

1. Nematodes and Arthropods

  • Question on Bilaterian Animals: Identify the bilaterian animal with a pseudocoelom and flexible cuticle covering its body.

    • Correct Answer: c) A nematode (Nematoda)

  • Reproductive Characteristics: Nematode and arthropod reproduction statements:

    • Correct Answer: c) In nematode and arthropod embryos, the mouth forms before the anus (protostome embryo).

  • Infection by Nematodes:

    • Trichinella can infect humans through uncooked mammal meat, leading to trichinosis.

    • The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) affects soybean roots and can thrive under poor soil and lack of crop rotation.

    • Nematodes help enhance plant growth by excreting nutrients.

    • Correct Answer: d) All statements are true.

2. Echinoderms and Chordates

  • Common Characteristics: Found in echinoderms and chordates but not in other animal groups:

    • Correct Answer: b) A deuterostome embryo (anus forms before the mouth) and a bony or cartilaginous endoskeleton.

  • Impact of Sea Stars in Marine Habitats:

    • Correct Answer: d) Species diversity is higher when sea stars reduce mussel populations as space becomes available for other species.

3. Vertebrate Evolution

  • Order of Emergence of Vertebrate Characteristics:

    • Correct Answer: b) Jaws, lungs and bone, limbs, amniotic egg.

  • Amniotic Eggs:

    • Emergence enables reproduction in dry habitats.

    • Correct Answer: b) Emergence of the amniotic egg enabled reproduction in dry terrestrial habitat.

4. Amphibians

  • Characteristics of Amphibians:

    • Correct Answer: d) All of the above (permeable skin, egg-larva-adult stages, ectothermy).

5. Fungi

  • Nutrient Acquisition:

    • Correct Answer: a) Fungi release enzymes and absorb nutrients through hyphae.

  • Life Cycle of Black Bread Mold (Rhizopus):

    • Correct Answer: a) Haploid hyphae fuse producing a diploid zygote; meiosis then produces haploid spores.

  • Decomposer Fungi:

    • Correct Answer: d) All statements about their role in nutrient cycling are correct.

  • Benefits of Fungi:

    • Some fungi provide antibiotics to treat bacterial infections.

    • Correct Answer: b) Some fungi are sources of antibiotics used to treat human infections.

  • Fungi and Climate Change Mitigation:

    • Correct Answer: d) All statements highlight how fungi can help mitigate climate change.

6. Plant Kingdom (Plantae)

  • Key Features of Plants:

    • Correct Answer: a) Have a cell wall composed of cellulose.

7. Photosynthesis

  • Photosynthesis Equation:

    • Correct Answer: d) 6CO2 + 6H2O are inputs, and C6H12O6 + 6O2 are outputs.