Unit 3 summary

Schizophrenia:

characteristics - delusions, hallucinations, disordered thinking. alogia, anhedonia, avolition, flat effect, catatonic behaviour.

bio 1 - genetics, C4 gene, eliminates connections between neurons in adolescence. if genetics were the only answer, twin studies would have a 100% concordance rate.

bio 2 - dopamine hypothesis, too much dopamine causes positive symptoms, in mesolimbic pathway, mesocortical pathway not enough dopamine causes neg symptoms.

bio eval - identical twins likely to both have schizophrenia, more genes shared, schizophrenia shared. diathesis stress model

social psych 1 - double bind theory

social psych 2 - urbanicity

social psych eval - ignores interactions of nature and nurture, focusing only on nurture. diathesis stress model. social causation hypothesis - urbanicity causes scz. social drift hypothesis.

Addiction:

Bio 1 - dopamine reward pathway - mesolimbic pathway, becomes maladaptive with addiction.

Bio 2 - addiction genes, highly inheritable, A1 variant DRD2 less dopamine receptors. ADH ALDH, metabolise alcohol, increase ADH leads to less alcoholism, unpleasant reaction to alcohol.

social psych 1 - social learning theory - Bandura

social psych 2 - media influence - substances often glamorised in TV, vicarious reinforcement.

social psych eval - Loke et al. smoking peers 4 times more likely to smoke. Hanewinkel et al. exposure to alcohol in films, increased alcohol use in teenagers. ignores genetics.

individual diff 1 - Eysencks personality theory - EPQ. addicts higher P N scores, lower E L scores.

individual diff 2 - heuristics representativeness - things should have a pattern, availability - events are more likely to happen if they are memorable from the past.

individual diff eval - Dong et al. higher P and N scores in students in Chinese uni with internet addiction. reductionist, personality doesn’t completely explain behaviour. Griffiths, regular gamblers have more irregular verbalisations than non gamblers.

evaluate MoM - agonist, antagonist drug substitution, proven effective however gives side effects. doesn’t deal with underlying cause. could be as addictive as the substance. aversion therapy effective, causes nausea, heart palpatations, headaches. doesn’t tackle cause of addiction. higher patient involvement.

Criminal Behaviour:

characteristics - rationalisation, entitlement, asocial value system, sentimentality, impulsive, family dysfunction, easily distracted, power centric, invincibility, and cognitive laziness.

bio 1 - inherited criminality, Brunner et al, aggressive dutch family, low levels MAOA.

bio 2 - role of the amygdala. Corraro, intermittent explosive disorder high amygdala activity when shown angry faces.

bio eval - diathesis stress model - epigenetics. reductiontst, only explains neuroanatomical position, bio suggests criminals cannot be rehabilitated.

social psych 1 - differential association theory - Sutherland

social psych 2 - gender socialisation

social psych eval - considers social factors, Farrington, one relative arrested others will be. Raine higher concordance rate for MZ twins - sp does not consider bio factors. diathesis stress model. chivalry thesis, Carlen.