Fingerprint my ah
scientific name for a fingerprint is Dactylography
First used to seal documents 3,000 years ago
Sir Francis Galton got info from Sir William Herschel
Galton no 2 people have the same fingerprint they stay the same throughout life form 8 weeks of pregnancy
John Dillinger- underwent plastic surgery by finding taxidermist
Fingerprint evidence is primarily classified as Physical evidence:
Types of evidences
Direct- Direct evidence is evidence that proves a fact directly, without the need for any inferences or assumptions. It's evidence that, if believed, resolves a matter of fact.Eyewitness testimony, Surveillance video, A signed confession:
Biological- Biological evidence consists of samples of biological material, such as blood, semen, saliva, hair, skin cells, and other bodily fluids or tissues.
Physical-Physical evidence encompasses any material items found at a crime scene that can provide information about the crime. This includes objects, substances, and impressions.
Sir Francis Galton cousin was Sir Edward Henry
Henry created Henry point system
Alphonse bertilion created Anthropometry
Blood must go through coagulation(blood drying) for print to be observed
ACE-V is an acronym that stands for Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation, and Verification created in the 1980s by
J Edger Hoover-creating a centralized fingerprint file and forensic laboratories
Scottish doctor Henry Faulds, working in Japan, studied fingerprint impressions and proposed their use in criminal investigations. His ideas were published in 1880
Sir Edward Henry, a British official in India, developed the Henry Classification System in 1896
In the 1990s, Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS)
They start to develop between week 8
L.A.W enforcement uses finger printings loops, arches, whorls
Dr. Edmond Locard, states that "every contact leaves a trace."
3 Types of Fingerprints: Latent, Patent, and Plastic
Latent-They are considered the most common prints found at crime scenes. Naturally occurring oils, sweat, or residues from the skin create latent prints
Patent most commonly used-They occur when a finger comes into contact with a substance, such as blood, ink, paint, dirt, or grease, and then transfers that substance onto a surface.
Plastic Fingerprints- Plastic fingerprints are three-dimensional prints formed on soft materials such as wax, clay, soap, or wet paint
Physical Evidence Physical evidence is any tangible object that can be produced in court to support facts of a case. Some examples of physical evident include fingerprints, DNA, weapons, clothing, hair, fibers, and footprints.
Circumstantial EvidenceTestimonial evidence is information provided by some witness under oath during a trial or deposition. This could be first-hand accounts, expert testimony, or comments by persons who possess relevant information on the case.
Documentary EvidenceDocumentary Evidence means written, recorded or printed materials that can be offered in court to support or contradict claims made in a case. Included in this may be contracts, letters, e-mails, video recordings, photographs, medical records, and financial documents.
The primary loop, whorl, and arch patterns have different characteristics.
Loops are the most common representing about 60-65% of fingerprint cases. There are two kinds of loops ulnar loop (opening toward little finger) and radial loop (opening toward thumb). Must contain 1 delta
Whorls are 30% to 35% of fingerprints. They usually form circular or spiral patterns characterized by at least one ridge that makes a circle or spiral. 4 types of whorls include plain whorl, central pocket loop, double loop, and accidental whorl, which combines several patterns. 2 deltas
Arches form about 5% of fingerprints, and because of their characteristically simple configuration, would show ridges entering from one side of the print, rising in the middle, then exiting on the opposite side. No deltas
Minutiae are the points where fingerprint ridges end or split.
They are the small, characteristic details that forensic examiners use to compare and identify fingerprints
Ridegeology- identifications of ridge structures, points where ridge structures changes such as deltas
Ridge characteristics
alphonse betrilion created anthropometry
Blood must go through coagulation(blood drying) for print to be observed