Bystander Intervention and Related Factors

Do Now Activity

  • Reflect on key terms from the last lesson.

  • Challenge: Explain the meanings of these key terms in silence for a few minutes.

Kitty Genovese Case (1964)

  • Research the case for 10 minutes.

  • Consider how you'd react if you witnessed the situation.

Bystander Intervention

  • Definition: The action of helping others in an emergency situation.

Learning Objectives

  • Identify factors affecting bystander behavior, both situational and personal.

  • Explain reasons why some individuals choose to help while others do not.

Discussion Prompt

  • Factors influencing whether someone will intervene in an emergency situation.

  • Pair discussion for two minutes.

Situational Factors Affecting Bystander Intervention

  • Diffusion of Responsibility:

    • People believe someone else will help, leading to a decreased sense of personal responsibility.

    • Larger crowds lessen the perceived obligation to intervene.

    • In smaller crowds, individuals may feel more compelled to act.

  • Noticing the Event:

    • Individuals in crowded situations may be less aware of emergencies.

    • Example: Latané and Darley (1969) study showed slower reactions to smoke in larger groups.

  • Pluralistic Ignorance:

    • Individuals interpret situations based on the reactions of others.

    • If no one helps, bystanders may assume there is no emergency.

    • If people see others helping, they are more likely to assist as well.

  • Cost of Helping:

    • Costs may include being late to obligations or risking personal safety.

    • Non-helping may lead to guilt or regret regarding a victim's fate.

Exam Corner Example

  • Scenario: Jerome saw what appeared to be a drunk individual collapse but chose not to intervene.

  • Consider situational factors explaining Jerome’s inaction.

Personal Factors Affecting Bystander Intervention

  • Competence:

    • Personal skills, e.g., first aid training, influence willingness to help.

    • Example: A trained individual feels more confident in a medical emergency.

  • Mood:

    • Positive moods increase the likelihood of assisting in emergencies.

    • Negative moods lead to inward focus, reducing attention to others’ needs.

  • Similarity:

    • Relatability to the victim increases the likelihood of intervention.

    • Individuals who have experienced similar situations may feel more compelled to help.

Exam Corner Scenario

  • Discuss why some people donate to the Salvation Army, while others pass by.

  • Consider bystander intervention dynamics in charitable acts.