CAD CAM Chairside materials

Chairside CAD/CAM Materials Overview

  • Presenter: Alexandra Rodriguez, D.D.S, M.S

  • Focus: Lithium Disilicate Particle Filled Glass Ceramic

  • Process: Transition from pre-crystallized to crystallized

Material Classifications

  • Ceramics Types:

    • Resin Based

    • PMMA

  • Fabrication Techniques:

    • Laboratory: Layered, Pressed

    • In Office/Chairside: Milled, 3D Printed

Chairside Dental Lab Workflow

  • Process:

    • Scan -> Design -> Manufacture

Characteristics of Chairside Materials

  • Physical Form:

    • Solid block form

  • Manufacturing Time:

    • Completed in under 20 minutes

  • Material Integrity:

    • Produced without compromising material

  • Final Restoration:

    • Minimal post-processing time required

Considerations for Clinicians

  • Restoration Requirements:

    • Anticipate occlusal stresses

    • Assess optical characteristics (fluorescence, translucency, hue, chroma, value)

    • Evaluate proven durability

    • Review enamel wear characteristics

    • Measure interocclusal space

Monolithic Restorations

  • Definition:

    • An object with uniform chemical and physical properties throughout its thickness.

  • Materials Used:

    • Porcelain core, Lithium Disilicate, Zirconia

Material Classes in Detail

Ceramics Classifications

  • Predominantly Glass-Based:

    • Feldspathic, Particle Filled (Leucite-Reinforced, Lithium Disilicate)

  • Polycrystalline:

    • High Strength Zirconia

Lithium Disilicate Specifics

  • Introduction:

    • Launched in 1998 as IPS Empress 2 (Ivoclar Vivadent)

  • Pre-Crystallized Stage:

    • Blue block with 40% lithium metasilicate crystals, flexural strength ~130 MPa

  • Crystallized Stage:

    • Contains 70% lithium disilicate crystals, flexural strength ~360 MPa

  • Indications:

    • Versatile for anterior and posterior restorations, veneers, inlays/onlays, bridges, provisional coverage

Mechanical Properties of Lithium Disilicate

  • Strength Characteristics:

    • Maximize flexural strength

    • Reduce risk of chipping/fracture

    • Minimize abrasive wear on teeth and restorations

    • Enhance biocompatibility, esthetics similar to natural teeth

Advantages and Disadvantages of Lithium Disilicate

Advantages

  • Excellent esthetic properties

  • High strength and durability

  • Compatible with various restorative needs

Disadvantages

  • Requires more tooth reduction compared to Gold and Zirconia

  • Increased chairside time due to crystallization process

Minimal Thickness Requirements for Various Materials

  • Zirconia (3Y): 0.5mm

  • Gold: 0.5mm

  • PFM/PFZ: 1.5mm

  • Leucite Reinforced Glass Ceramic: 1.5mm

  • Lithium Disilicate: 1mm

  • Translucent Zirconia (4Y, 5Y): 1mm

3D Printed Materials

  • Classification: Subtractive and additive manufacturing

  • ADA Guidelines: 3D printed restorations with >50% inorganic filler may be classified as ceramics.

Summary

  • Focus on Chairside CAD/CAM materials, particularly Lithium Disilicate Particle Filled Glass Ceramic

  • Evaluate the transition from pre-crystallized to crystallized forms

  • Acknowledge advantages, disadvantages, and various clinical indications.