calamities in the philippines
Calamities in the Philippines
Earthquakes
-commonly experiences shaking of the ground due to the movement of the earth’’s crust
- the Philippines has experienced 106 earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.0 or higher since the 1600s
-The July 16, 1990 jolt's epicenter was located in Rizal, Nueva Ecija. However, Baguio suffered the most followed by Cabanatuan and Dagupan cities.
-4:30 PM of July 16, 1990 when Luzon was hit by a 7.8 magnitude earthquakes
-The PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY SCALE (PEIS) is the scale being used in measuring Philippine earthquakes.
-PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology)
THE BIG ONE
-the earthquake that will originate along the West Valley Fault (Bulacan, Rizal, Metro Manila, Cavite, and Laguna)
Floods
CAUSES OF FLOOD:
a. Heavy and continuous rain
b. Siltation of the river system
c. Releasing of water from dams
d. High tide and heavy rainfall
OTHER FACTORS:
a. Population in an urban area
b. Proliferation of informal settlers along waterways
c. Urbanization
d. Clearing of forest and watershed areas
PAGASA-Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration
Tsunamis
-very high wave usually caused by the movement of the earth’s crust under the sea
Moro Gulf tsunami
-most devastating tsunami in the country (August 17, 1976)
happened past midnight, caught the people of Sultan Kudarat unprepared
-led former President Ferdinand Marcos Sr. to form the National Disaster Coordinating Council, which is now known as the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)
Tropical cyclones
-an intense low-pressure system with minimum sustained winds of 35 km/hour
hurricanes, cyclones
Classifications of tropical cyclones
1.TROPICAL DEPRESSION - maximum sustained wind speed of 62 kph
2. TROPICAL STORM - maximum sustained wind speed of 62 to 88 kph
3. SEVERE TROPICAL STORM - maximum wind speed of 87 to 117 kph
4. TYPHOON - maximum wind speed of 118 to 184 kph
5. SUPER TYPHOON - maximum wind speed exceeding 185 kph
Tropical cyclones and their names
-25 names for each year
- The Philippines normally experiences an average of 20 tropical cyclones a year
Volcanic eruptionsVOLCANIC ERUPTION
Classifications of Volcanoes
1.Active Volcanoes
-erupted within the last 600 years
-considered active if erupted within the last 10, 000 years according to the examination of datable materials
2. Potentially Active Volcanoes
-do not have a historical record of eruption and are described as morphologically young
3. Inactive Volcanoes
-have no record of eruptions and their physical form is weathered by wind and rain
6 MOST ACTIVE VOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPPINES
a. Mayon
b. Taal
c. Bulusan
d. Kanlaon
e. Pinatubo
f. Hibok-Hibok
PHIVOLCS has different alert levels from zero to five or a descriptor of quiet background, low-level sesimic activity, or the most hazardous eruption
Typhoon Yolanda–which was placed in the highest disaster classification (Category 5) by the World Health Organization–has awakened the Philippine government to aggressively work on its disaster preparedness program
CLIMATE CHANGE
-the aggregate and general change in the climate of regions
-rapid change in the climate known as global warming
-human activities have greatly amplified the natural greenhouse effect which has resulted to climate change
Greenhouse effect
-warming of the Earth’s surface due to the occurrence of gases
-natural phenomenon that keeps the temperature of the Earth well suited to existing life forms
-comes from burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)
Global warming
-increase in the temperature of the atmosphere (volcanic eruptions and variation of the output of the sun)
-caused by human activities
Effects of global warming
1.Change in the warming patterns and precipitation patterns of the world
2. Change in ecosystems and biodiversity
3. Melting of the ice and rise of sea levels
4. Intensified tropical cyclones
SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT OF GLOBAL
WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE
-decrease in the yield of crops
-due to El Niño, barangays in Kabacan, North Cotabato in January 2016, 600 hectares were destroyed
-has an effect on malnutrition for it affects the production of food
-severe weather
-flooding
-wildfire linked to global warming
-rising sea levels
-intense tropical cyclones
RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE: a. UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) and the COP21 (Conference of the Parties)
b. Republic Act No. 9729 also known as the Climate Change Commission
RA 8435 also known as the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997
RA 8749 also known as the Philippine Clean Air Act
RA 9003 also known as the Ecological Solid Management Waste Act of 2000
RA 9275 also known as the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
RA 9512 also known as the National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008