a&p defined

Anatomical Terminology and Orientation

dorsal - pertaining to back ventral - pertaining to underside lateral - to the side

ipsilateral- same side (spleen and descending colon) contralateral- opposite sides (spleen and gallbladder) mediolateral - pertaining to the middle and side of a structure

anterior - front end

posterior - rear end

superior -above another part or closer to head

inferior - below another part or towards feet

medial - towards imaginary midline

central - middle

peripheral- nearest surface

proximal- nearest main mass or nearest point of attachment (elbow is proximal to the wrist) distal - further from point of attachment or away from main mass (fingers are distal to wrist) superficial- on the surface

deep - most internal

cephalic - head

celiac - abdomen

carpal - wrist

caudal - tail

abdominal-between thorax and abdomen

acromial - point of shoulder

antebrachial - forearm

antecubital - front of elbow

axillary - under arms

buccal - cheek

brachial - upper arm

cervical - neck

costal -ribs

coxal - hip

crural - leg

cubital - elbow

digital - finger

frontal - forehead

femoral - thigh

genital -reproductive organs

gluteal - near buttocks

inguinal- near groin

lumbar - lower back

nasal - nose

mammary - breast

mental - chin

occipital - back of skull

oral - mouth

orbital - eye cavity

otic - ear

palmar - palm

perineal - region between anus and external reproductive organs

pectoral - chest

pedal - foot

pelvic - hips

plantar - sole of foot

popliteal - area behind knee

sacral - between hipbones

sternal - middle of thorax

tarsal - instep

umbilical - navel

vertebral spinal column

Movements

supination -palm up

pronation - palm down

abduction - away from middle

adduction - towards middle

flexion - decrease angle

extension increase angle

circumduction -moving in a circular path dorsiflexion - bending foot upward

plantar flexion - bending foot downward

protraction - moving part forward

retraction - moving part backward

rotation- moving around on an axis

hyperextension - movement beyond normal position inversion - moving the sole inward

eversion - moving the sole outward

elevation - raising a part

depression lowering a part