exam 2 guide

Chapter 27: Empires and Religion

Who was the Mughal emperor known for his religious tolerance and leadership during the 16th century?
A) Aurangzeb
B) Shah Jahan
C) Akbar
D) Mehmed II
What is the famous monument built by Shah Jahan in memory of his wife?
A) Fatehpur Sikri
B) Taj Mahal
C) Hagia Sophia
D) Isfahan
Which religion did Shah Ismail establish as the state religion of the Safavid Empire?
A) Sunni
B) Twelver Shi’ism
C) Sikhism
D) Sharia
Who was the Ottoman Sultan responsible for capturing Constantinople in 1453?
A) Suleyman the Magnificent
B) Osman
C) Selim the Grim
D) Mehmed II
Which group was known for their opposition to Sunni Islam and supported the Shi’ite ideology in the Safavid Empire?
A) Qizilbash
B) Ghazi
C) Sufis
D) Janissaries
What was the primary religious duty that required non-Muslims living in the Ottoman Empire to pay extra taxes?
A) Jizya
B) Dhimmi
C) Millet
D) Devshirme
Which architectural masterpiece, originally a mosque, was built by the Ottomans in Istanbul and is now a museum?
A) Taj Mahal
B) Fatehpur Sikri
C) Hagia Sophia
D) Isfahan
What was the name of the political and religious group of Ottomans who sought to maintain traditional moral values?
A) Sultana/Roxanna
B) Ottoman moralism
C) Devshirme
D) Qizilbash
Who was the Mughal Emperor who famously constructed Fatehpur Sikri as his capital?
A) Akbar
B) Aurangzeb
C) Shah Jahan
D) Babur
Which Safavid ruler was known for strengthening the empire, especially through military reforms and promoting trade?
A) Shah Abbas
B) Shah Ismail
C) Suleyman the Magnificent
D) Mehmed II
Which Mughal emperor built the Taj Mahal?
A) Akbar
B) Aurangzeb
C) Shah Jahan
D) Babur
Which term refers to the "tax" imposed on non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire?
A) Jizya
B) Devshirme
C) Dhimmi
D) Millet
Who were the religious and military supporters of the Safavid Shah Ismail, often characterized by their distinct red hats?
A) Ghazi
B) Qizilbash
C) Sufis
D) Janissaries
What is the term for a non-Muslim subject in the Ottoman Empire who was granted protection but had to pay special taxes?
A) Jizya
B) Devshirme
C) Millet
D) Dhimmi
Which Ottoman leader is known for his extensive legal reforms and is considered the most influential of the Ottoman Sultans?
A) Suleyman the Magnificent
B) Selim the Grim
C) Mehmed II
D) Osman
Which group in the Ottoman Empire was recruited and trained as elite soldiers and bodyguards, often using the Devshirme system?
A) Ghazi
B) Janissaries
C) Qizilbash
D) Sufis
Who was the leader of the Safavid Empire and the founder of Twelver Shi’ism?
A) Akbar
B) Shah Abbas
C) Shah Ismail
D) Mehmed II
Which term refers to the system where Christian boys were taken from their homes to serve in the Ottoman army?
A) Jizya
B) Devshirme
C) Sharia
D) Millet
What architectural feature is famous for its large dome and central location in Istanbul, originally constructed by the Ottomans?
A) Taj Mahal
B) Fatehpur Sikri
C) Hagia Sophia
D) Isfahan

Chapter 28: Revolutions and Political Change

Who was the French revolutionary and writer of the "Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen"?
A) Voltaire
B) Rousseau
C) Olympe de Gouges
D) Robespierre
Which political philosophy emphasizes the idea that government derives its authority from the consent of the governed?
A) Nationalism
B) Popular sovereignty
C) Enlightenment
D) Ancien Regime
Who is known as the "father" of modern capitalism and wrote "The Wealth of Nations"?
A) John Locke
B) Voltaire
C) Adam Smith
D) Karl Marx
Which war, fought from 1756 to 1763, was a global conflict that affected Europe, North America, and India?
A) American Revolution
B) Napoleonic Wars
C) Seven Years' War
D) Crimean War
What was the main objective of the French Revolution’s "Tennis Court Oath"?
A) To form the National Assembly
B) To demand constitutional monarchy
C) To end the reign of Napoleon
D) To guarantee the rights of women
Which treaty, signed in 1801, helped restore relations between the Catholic Church and France after the Revolution?
A) Treaty of Nanjing
B) Concordat
C) Treaty of Versailles
D) Treaty of Paris
Who was the leader of the Haitian Revolution and former slave who became a military commander?
A) Simon Bolivar
B) Toussaint L’Overture
C) Giuseppe Mazzini
D) William Wilberforce
Which Latin American revolutionary leader was known for his role in the independence movements of many South American countries?
A) Augustin de Iturbide
B) Bernardo O’Higgins
C) Simon Bolivar
D) Otto Von Bismark
Who was known as the "father" of Italian unification and helped found the Young Italy movement?
A) Guiseppe Mazzini
B) William Wilberforce
C) John Stuart Mill
D) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Which English abolitionist and politician worked tirelessly for the abolition of the slave trade?
A) William Wilberforce
B) Otto Von Bismark
C) John Stuart Mill
D) Mary Wollstonecraft
Which women's rights advocate was a leader of the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848?
A) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
B) Mary Wollstonecraft
C) Simone de Beauvoir
D) Olympe de Gouges
Which political leader and diplomat led the unification of Germany in the late 19th century?
A) Giuseppe Mazzini
B) William Wilberforce
C) Otto Von Bismark
D) Theodore Herzl
What meeting held in 1814–1815 aimed to restore the European balance of power and redraw national borders after Napoleon's defeat?
A) Congress of Vienna
B) The Directory
C) Estates General
D) National Assembly
What is the political movement that supports the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Israel?
A) Zionism
B) Nationalism
C) Socialism
D) Liberalism

Chapter 29: Industrial Revolution

Which invention powered the first successful steam engine, contributing to the industrial revolution?
A) Power loom
B) Spinning mule
C) Flying shuttle
D) Steam engine
Which industry was most affected by the introduction of the power loom during the Industrial Revolution?
A) Coal
B) Textiles
C) Steel
D) Agriculture
Which concept refers to companies or organizations that control an entire industry, often eliminating competition?
A) Monopoly
B) Trusts
C) Cartel
D) Interchangeable parts
Who developed the process of creating steel in large quantities, which contributed to industrialization?
A) James Watt
B) Karl Marx
C) Bessemer
D) Friedrich Engels
Which group opposed technological advancements during the Industrial Revolution, often destroying machines?
A) Luddites
B) Cartels
C) Sufis
D) Creoles
What term describes the idea of consolidating control over both the supply chain and the production process in an industry?
A) Vertical integration
B) Horizontal organization
C) Monopoly
D) Putting out system

Chapter 31: The Decline of Empires and Rebellions

Which war marked a turning point in the Ottoman Empire's decline and involved European powers fighting for control of Ottoman territory?
A) Opium War
B) Crimean War
C) Russo-Japanese War
D) Taiping Rebellion
What were the "Capitulations" in the context of the Ottoman Empire?
A) Political reforms
B) Trade agreements giving foreign nationals privileges
C) Religious conversions
D) Taxes imposed on non-Muslims
Which Ottoman Sultan initiated significant reforms to modernize the empire, known as the Tanzimat Reforms?
A) Mahmud II
B) Selim III
C) Abdul Hamid II
D) Suleyman the Magnificent
Which group led the Chinese Boxer Rebellion in the late 19th century?
A) Qing Dynasty
B) Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists
C) Young Ottomans
D) Young Turks
Which Japanese political movement led by Emperor Meiji resulted in major reforms and modernization during the late 19th century?
A) Taiping Rebellion
B) Meiji Restoration
C) Tanzimat Reforms
D) Young Ottomans
Which major military defeat weakened Russia and highlighted the inefficiency of the Tsarist government, contributing to growing unrest?
A) Battle of Chaldiran
B) Battle of Waterloo
C) Battle of Moscow
D) Russo-Japanese War
Which rebellion, led by the Qing dynasty's Empress Dowager Cixi, was sparked by widespread anti-foreign sentiment and a desire to restore Chinese traditional values?
A) Taiping Rebellion
B) Boxer Rebellion
C) Opium War
D) Russo-Japanese War
Which major conflict between Britain and China over the trade of opium resulted in the Treaty of Nanjing?
A) Taiping Rebellion
B) Boxer Rebellion
C) Opium War
D) Russo-Japanese War