Second generation of British colonies 9

New England Confederation (1643): First attempt at regional unity among the colonies (Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Connecticut, New Haven).

Religious Tension in Maryland: Bitter religious rivalries led to the revocation of the Toleration Act in the 1650s, later reinstated.

Colonial Expansion (1660s): Post-restoration of Charles II, first settlements in Carolinas; New Netherland fell to the British in 1664, Dutch settlers retained property and religious rights.

Albemarle Sound: Settlers from Virginia arrived in the 1650s; first town established in 1704.

South Carolina: First settlers came in 1670; John Locke contributed to its government design. Early trade in Indian slaves; later focused on timber, rice, and indigo.

Pennsylvania (1681): Founded by William Penn, who brought Quakers and other dissenters; established Philadelphia, focused on equality and fair relations with Delaware Indians.

Georgia (1732): Founded by James Oglethorpe as a buffer against Spanish Florida, aimed to provide refuge for the poor and former prisoners.