Transportation, Urban Sprawl, and Sustainability

Environmental Impact of Transportation Networks and Urban Sprawl

  • Increased expansion of transportation networks.
    • Can lead to pollution.
      • Traffic congestion.
      • Urban heat islands.
      • Traffic, fossil fuels, and air pollution.
  • Development related to urban sprawl.
    • Can inhibit the use of land for local food production.
    • Turning land that could produce food into homes.
      • Eliminates conservation land, green belts, open space, or preservation efforts.

Sprawl and Environmental Sustainability

  • Explain one way sprawl negatively impacts environmental sustainability.
    • Make sure to include all parts of the question.

Transportation-Oriented Development and Urban Sustainability

  • Transportation-oriented development.
    • Light rail.
      • Using trains instead of cars.
    • How it promotes sustainability.
      • Less air pollution from cars.
        • Reduces the number of cars on the road, which then reduces air pollution.
        • Decreasing air and noise pollution.
        • Promoting walkability, livability, and efficient land use.
      • Ecological footprint.
        • Carbon footprint.
      • Heavily trafficked or accessible transit stops may become places of mixed-use development.
      • Additional stops can reduce commuting distances or travel times to work.
        • Commuting can be more economically sustainable than car travel because of the cost of owning a car, fuel, maintenance, insurance, and parking.

Regional Transportation Networks and Edge Cities

  • How regional transportation networks led to the development of edge cities.
    • Building a highway encourages people to move.
      • Workers move if they have accessibility to the downtown area for their jobs, making it possible for them to live on the outside.
      • Transportation enabled commercial land use.
        • Edge cities form near major highway intersections or transit stations because those developments need accessibility to workers and/or consumers.
      • Transportation provides access to lower-cost land from the city center.
        • That's that big rent theory.

Geographic Fragmentation and Metro Line Construction

  • Explain how geographic fragmentation of local governments could present a challenge in the DC metropolitan area's ability to construct new metro lines.
    • Because there are many different jurisdictions politically, they all have to agree on how to put in the metro line.
      • Having competing ideas, authorities and the planning process is inefficient.
      • Construction is challenging because you have multiple kinds of government, so they need different people funding different things and zoning different things and cooperating.