Chapter 7: Assertive Behaviour Study Notes

Assertive Behaviour Overview

  • Types of Behaviour: Aggressive, Passive, Assertive

  • Characteristics include verbal/non-verbal expressions, reasons for use, and possible outcomes.

  • Assertive behaviour is generally preferable due to its philosophy and positive outcomes.

Aggressive Behaviour

  • Definition: Desire to dominate/control others; stands for own rights without considering others.

  • Verbal Expression: Uses accusatory language (e.g., "You did it again") and absolutes.

  • Nonverbal Expression: Avoids eye contact or uses it to intimidate; closed body language; invades personal space.

  • Situational Use:
      - Important issues over relationships.
      - Emergencies or authoritative power applications.

  • Possible Outcomes:
      - Only one party's needs met; damaged relationships; increased conflict.

Passive Behaviour

  • Definition: Prioritizes others' needs over own; avoids conflict.

  • Verbal Expression: Long apologies, mumbling; rarely assertive.

  • Nonverbal Expression: Avoids eye contact; closed body posture.

  • Situational Use:
      - Prioritizing relationships over issues.
      - Situations where surrender is safest.

  • Possible Outcomes:
      - Self-confidence decreases; taken for granted; unresolved issues lead to conflict.

Assertive Behaviour

  • Definition: Advocates for own rights while respecting others; promotes collaboration.

  • Verbal Expression: Uses "I" messages; honest and direct without offensive language.

  • Nonverbal Expression: Congruent with verbal; open and inviting body language.

  • Focus: Balances own and others' needs, utilizing appropriate behaviours as necessary (assertive, aggressive, passive).

Types of Power in Assertiveness

  1. Reward Power: Motivates through positive reinforcement (e.g., raises, praise).

  2. Coercive Power: Discourages negative behaviour through punishment; can lead to resentment.

  3. Legitimate Power: Authority based on position; obedience can diminish without other powers.

  4. Expert Power: Based on knowledge/skills; risks dependency on expertise.

  5. Consultative Power: Involves collaboration and input; time-consuming but valuable for decision-making.

  6. Referent Power: Based on shared goals; can create unity but assumes agreement on objectives.

  7. Charismatic Power: Influential personality traits; can inspire but risks manipulation.