photosynthesis and cellular respiration 

cellular respiration

• process of making food available in the cell
• involves breaking down of complicated molecules into simple molecules
• occurs in mitochondria and cytoplasm
• can take place with or without oxygen

 cellular respiration equation - C6H12 + 6O2→6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP

aerobic respiration

• uses oxygen
• generates 32 atp
• happens in cytoplasm and mitochondria

anaerobic respiration

• does not use oxygen
• generates 2 atp
• happens in cytoplasm

cellular respiration step 1 - glycolysis

• splitting of glucose molecules into 2 pyruvate molecules
• makes only 2 atp + 2 nadh

cellular respiration step 2 - the krebs cycle

• uses pyruvate to make more nadh + fadh
• CO2 is made as a by product

cellular respiration step 3 - electron transport chain

• takes electrons from nadh and moving the H+ across mitchondrial membrane
• creates membrane potential

cellular respiration step 4. - atp synthase

• H+ move through the enzyme to make lots of atp

atmosphere- layer of gases that surround the earth

cyanobacteria- put oxygen into the atmosphere, photosytnthesis occurred

photosynthesis - process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to make foods from carbon dioxide and water

• provides glucose to be used as energy source
• takes CO2 from atmosphere - earth doesn’t over heat
• allows plants to grow, ecosystem health
• chloroplast - organelle where photosynthesis takes place, has ribosomes and DNA
• grana - sack like membranes
• stomata - leaf structure that allows for gas exchange
• guard cells - make up stomata
• CO2, O2 - gases that move in and out of stomata
• carbon - usable form of cellular energy that plants use
• carbohydrates - what plants store carbon as
• xylem - hollow tube within plant to transport water through plant
• Epidermus cells- produce waxy coating on leaf which seals up leaf so the only way in and out is through the stomata
• light reactions, calvin cycle - 2 stages of photosynthesis
• Electron carrier molecules - arranged in electron transport chains that produce ATP and NADPH, which temporarily store chemical energy

photosynthesis equation - CO2 + H2O → C6H12 + O2

light dependant- uses sunlight to break down water into atp and nadh - used in light independent reactions

- sunlight - energy source used in the light dependant reaction

- cytoplasm - where light dependant reaction takes place

- CO2, H2O - inputs of the light dependant reaction

- O2, C6H12O6 - outputs of the light dependant reaction

- chlorophyll - molecule that absorbs light energy in chloroplasts

- light energy - excites electron within chloroplast

- atp, nadph - high energy molecules made in the light reaction, to be later used in the calvin cycle

- thykaloid membrane - location of the electron transport chain in light dependant reaction

light reactions

• photosystem ll
• photosytem l

phtosystem ll - splits water, making oxygen and H+

- oxygen - output of photosystem ll, waste product of photosynthesis

photosystem l - makes nadph to be sent to dark reactions

- nadph - output of photosystem l

light dependant- uses atp and nadh to fix CO2 into glucose, makes ga3p as product

- nadp, adp - low energy molecules sent back to the light dependant reactions

- stroma - part of the choloplast where calvin cycle takes pace

- glucose - output of photosynthesis

- Calvin cycle - combines carbon from carbon dioxide in the air and uses the chemical energy in ATP and NADPH to make glucose

3 steps of calvin cycle

• carbon fixation
• reduction
• regeneration