Biñan City Science and Technology High School Study Notes

Biñan City Science and Technology High School Overview

  • Vocational School Name: Biñan City Science and Technology High School

  • Subject: Araling Panlipunan (Social Studies)

  • Course: Kwarter 3 - Week 2

  • Academic Year: 2021

  • Department: Kagawaran ng Edukasyon, Rehiyon IV, Pilipinas

Objectives of the Lesson

  • At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

    1. Describe the attainment of independence in select Southeast Asian countries.

    2. Compare the methods used to achieve independence among selected countries in Southeast Asia.

Historical Context

  • Awakening to Nationalism:

    • The nations in Southeast Asia that were under colonial rule continued their efforts for liberation and ultimate independence.

      • They felt the severe impact of Western colonialism and imperialism.

      • Unjust policies implemented by Western powers resulted in widespread suffering, loss of dignity and freedom, cultural changes, and division among the Asian nations, which then spurred nationalism.

The Rise of Nationalism in the Philippines

  • Nationalism among Filipinos emerged at the end of the 19th century when the Spanish opened the Philippines to global trade.

    • This event fostered the emergence of a group of educated Filipinos called "ilustrados."

      • Noteworthy incident: The execution of Padre Mariano Gomez, Padre Jose Burgos, and Padre Jacinto Zamora in 1872 marked a crucial influence on subsequent Filipino nationalists led by Dr. Jose Rizal.

    • Dr. Jose Rizal's Contributions:

      • Co-founder of the Propaganda Movement which later gave rise to La Liga Filipina.

      • Through the newspaper La Solidaridad, the ilustrados expressed desires for reform in the Philippines.

      • Books:

      • "Noli Me Tangere" became a significant instrument in fostering a sense of national identity among Filipinos.

        • The book significantly influenced Filipino revolutions through peaceful and indirect ways.

      • "El Filibusterismo," a political novel, ignited the intense desire for true freedom among Filipinos.

Historical Milestones

  • Cry of Pugad Lawin (August 23, 1896):

    • The events led by Andres Bonifacio culminated in the formation of the Katipunan, where members publicly tore their cedulas, a symbol of their subjugation to Spanish rule.

    • General Emilio Aguinaldo declared independence on June 12, 1898, but this was disrupted when the United States formally claimed the Philippines in the Treaty of Paris.

  • Filipino-American War (1899-1902):

    • Continuing efforts for independence were temporarily stalled with the capture of General Emilio Aguinaldo on March 23, 1901.

    • Filipinos suspected that the Americans were merely delaying independence while exploiting the country’s resources.

    • The Philippine Independence Act, which claimed U.S. independence from the Philippines, evolved into the Tydings-McDuffie Act.

      • U.S. granted independence on July 4, 1946, initiating the Third Republic of the Philippines. However, the date was later moved to June 12, 1964, by Republic Act No. 4166, signed by President Diosdado Macapagal.

Nationalism movements in Southeast Asia

  • Burma (Myanmar):    

    • The divide and rule tactics of the British led to a unifying effort among ethnic groups against colonialism, exemplified by the establishment of the Young Men's Buddhist Association in 1900.

    • Nationalism peaked under the leadership of Saya San in the 1930s, culminating in the formation of the Dobama Asiayone (We Burmese Association) in 1937.

    • The Aung San was recognized as the Father of Independe nce and established the Burma Independence Army during WWII.

    • Aung San's assasg sination on July 19, 1947, led to the enactment of the Burma Independence Act on January 4, 1948.

  • Indonesia:

    • European-educated youth initiated the establishment of Budi Utomo, aiming to improve Javanese farmers' welfare, which marked Indonesia's nationalistic movement.

    • The Sarekat Islam formed in 1912 facilitated socio-economic reforms.

    • Sukarno, a political figure, became instrumental during the Japanese occupation, leading to the proclamations of Indonesia’s independence on August 17, 1945. The Dutch recognized independence on December 27, 1949.

  • Vietnam:

    • Nationalism in Vietnam intensified against French colonial rule, particularly in the industrialized south.

    • Major organizations such as the Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang (VNQDD) sought to create acan governmen republit free from foreign intervention.

    • Ho Chi Minh vehemently organized nationalist movements under the Indochinese Communist Party, leading to combined efforts against French colonization.

    • The Geneva Accords of 1954 partitioned Vietnam, resulting in separate regimes in the north and south

Educational Activities and Assessment

  • Students are tasked with identifying nationalist organizations established in Southeast Asia with criteria based on accuracy and understanding.

  • Assessment focuses on the clarity and comprehensiveness of objectives regarding these organizations.

Conclusion and Acknowledgment

  • Thank you for your participation.

  • Looking forward to the next meeting; stay safe and healthy!