University of Mount Saint Vincent 7

Knee Anatomy

• Fibula

  • Thin bone located laterally on the lower leg.

  • Crucial for identifying lateral structures.

• Tibia

  • Larger bone located on the medial side of the lower leg.

  • Connects to the fibula and the femur.

• Femur

  • Largest bone in the human body.

  • Proximal end has the femoral head and neck.

  • Knuckles (condyles) located distally: medial and lateral condyles.

Tendons and Ligaments

• Quadriceps Femoris Tendon

  • Connects the quadriceps muscles to the bone.

  • Observed on models at the knee joint.

• Patella

  • Shaped like a sesame seed, located in front of the knee.

  • Connected via the patella tendon (connects bone to bone).

• Lateral and Medial Collateral Ligaments

  • LCL (Lateral Collateral Ligament) connects fibula to femur.

  • MCL (Medial Collateral Ligament) connects tibia to femur.

• Menisci

  • Two C-shaped cartilages that provide cushioning:

    • Lateral Meniscus (on the same side as the fibula).

    • Medial Meniscus (on the same side as the tibia).

• Cruciate Ligaments

  • Cross-shaped ligaments inside the knee.

  • ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) - located at the front.

  • PCL (Posterior Cruciate Ligament) - located towards the back.

Os Coxa (Pelvis) Anatomy

• Os Coxa

  • Composed of three bones: ilium (superior), ischium (inferior), and pubis (anterior).

  • Connects at the pubic symphysis and contains the obturator foramen (largest hole in any bone).

• Acetabulum

  • Cup shape into which the femur head articulates, located laterally.

• Sciatic Notches

  • Greater Sciatic Notch - large notch through which the sciatic nerve passes.

• Iliac Crest

  • Superior ridge of the ilium.

• Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) and Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS)

  • Points of reference to distinguish anterior from posterior.

• Ischial Tuberosity

  • Located at the bottom, serves as an attachment point for hamstring muscles.

Scapula Anatomy

• Scapula (Shoulder Blade)

  • Features a prominent Spine, which is the posterior ridge.

  • Acromion - extends from the spine and articulates with the clavicle.

  • Coracoid Process - another protrusion from the scapula.

  • Glenoid Cavity - the cup where the humerus articulates.

Humerus Anatomy

• Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)

  • Rounded head at the proximal end articulates with scapula.

  • Greater Tubercle and Lesser Tubercle - projections near the head for muscle attachment.

  • Deltoid Tuberosity - bump where the deltoid muscle attaches.

  • Distally, features the Capitulum (lateral) and Trochlea (medial).

  • Fossas at the elbow:

    • Coronoid Fossa and Radial Fossa (anterior), and Olecranon Fossa (posterior).

• Distal end articulates with Radius (lateral) and Ulnar (medial).