Mid term Module 4 (Sep 23)

M4- What was Progressivism

Problems Targeted: dangerous working conditions, corporate monopolies, political corruption and lack of Democratic access.

Methods: Muckracking exposed, data driven reports, and more reform appeals

Amendments: 16th-the income tax) 17th-direct election of senators) 18th- prohibition) 19th- women suffrage)

Important People: Jacob Riis- expose tenement living conditions) Ida Tarbell- expose standard oil business practices) Upton Sinclair- wrote The Jungle exposed meatpacking abuses)

M4- The Reforms in Action

Settlement houses: Jane Addams founded Hall House in Chicago in 1889.

They provided services like English classes, child care, job training, and legal aid. Woman reformers gained organizational experience there which fed into later progressive reforms.

Labor and Consumer protection: Roosevelt Square deal used antitrust laws to break up trusts like Northern Securities. The cold strike of 1902 ended with meditation, not troops. And that the Pure Food and Drug Act and meat inspection act protected consumers.

Political Change: 16th Am- Income Tax) 17th Am-Direct election of senators) 18th Am-prohibition) 19th Am- woman suffrage)

Roosevelt's new nationalism versus Williams New Freedom. Roosevelt wanted regulation of big businesses while Wilson pushed breaking up Monopolies.

M4- Democracy Contradictions

Milestones: Seneca Falls 1848) Western States Grant women's suffrage 19th Am 1920)

Leaders: Carrie Chapman Catt) Alice Paul)

Methods: Catt’s state by state lobbying) Paul’s militant tactics) Outcome women's suffrage achieved 1920.

Key Contradiction: African Americans still face disenfranchisement and racial violence.

M4-The Great War

The Key causes of U.S entry: Unrestricted submarine Warfare) the Lusitania outrage) The Zimmerman Telegram and strong economic ties to the allies)

Military mobilization: The selective Service Act drafted millions) the AEF under John Pershing and African American served in segregated units like the Harlem Hell Fighters)

Home front: the war economically boosts Industries but there were limits on civil liberties and on dissent)

Versailles, reparations, war guilt clause, and the failed League of Nations fight at home

M4- Democracy Under Pressure at home

War-time repression Espionage Act 1917) Sedition Act 1918 used to silent dissent)

Propaganda efforts pushed through CPI, the 4 Minute man, The Pro-War messaging) Effects where women’s sufferage advanced, but nativism grew and radicals were suppressed.

Impacts women's suffrage advances the 18th Amendment) but heighten xenophobia and suppression of radicals.

Nativism means- anti immigrant sentiment

M4- 7 ages of Dope

It's connection to Progressivism and the push for a regulation, especially the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906.

Was written By S.D Ehrhart in Puck Magazine

About: It parodied Shakesspear’s ‘Seven Ages of Man’ showing people exposed to adulterated food and drugs throughout life. It criticized unsafe products in the food and drug industry. And it tied into Progressive error reform like the Pure Food Drug Act of 1906.

Central Historical Question

What changes did Progressive-era reformers pursue, and how did American involvement in World War I affect their efforts?

(Progressive-era reformers pursued political corruption, corporate monopolies, unsafe working and living conditions, and social inequalities, while World War I both accelerated certain progressive goals and fractured the broader movement.