MA semester 1 final

General skills:

Areas of psychology
Communication
Professionalism
Medical law/regulatory guidelines
Medical ethics
Risk management
Quality assurance and safety
Medical terminology.

Clinical skills:

Perform vital signs
Perform lab tests
Perform phlebotomy
Response to emergency situations
Administer medi
Perform ECG
Prepare patient for examination

Administrative skills:

Medical record preparation
Demographic data review
Providing resource information
Office supply inventory
Equipment maintenance
Accounts receivable/payable, payment receipts; manage petty cash, CPT/ICD-CM coding, and insurance claims

2. Who is responsible for an MA?

The PCP, the work under the supervision of a licensed practitioner, typically a physician.

3. What is the purpose of an urgent care center?

Ambulatory care centers that take care of patients with acute illness or injury and those with minor emergencies. Used quite often when patients can’t get in to see their own provider.

4. What company is the oldest insurance provider in the U.S.? BCBS

Terms and spelling to know -

Accreditation: An educational institution or program establishes credibility

Dependent: When something relies on another

Know the health care specialists listed in Chapter 1.

Chapter 9 45

1.) Know proper location of all 10 leads

V1: Fourth ICS, Right margin of sternum.

V2: Fourth ICS, Left margin of sternum.

V3: Midway Between v2 and v4 ( goes on after v4)

V4: Fifth ICS, Left midclavicular line.

V5: Fifth ICS, Left anterior axillary line

V6: Fifth ICS, Left mid axillary line

2.) Know which lead is the ground lead

3.) Know what each wave of a heartbeat represents (p,qrs,t)

P: Atrial depolarization

QRS: Ventricular Depolarization but Atrial repolarization is happening

T: Ventricular repolarization

4.) Speed of ECG paper thru the machine and time periods of large versus small squares

25 mm per second, Each large square represents 0.2 second.

5.) Know bipolar and unipolar leads

Bipolar: lead 1,2,3

Unipolar: aVR, aVL, and aVF.

6.) Know all the types of artifact

Artifact: Is an interference

Somatic tremor: Irregular spikes muscle movement, Ex: shivering, nervousness, and neurological disorder.

AC interference: rhythmic, regular spikes, caused by electrical activity. Ex: lights, computers, crossed wires

Wandering baseline: movement from poor electrode connection or improperly cleaned skin. Ex: oily, lotion, too hairy.

Interrupted baseline: electrode disconnected from the wire or a broken lead wire

7.) Holter monitor use: Recording the electrical activities of a patient’s heart over a period of time, 24-hour ECG.

8.) Terms to know:

a. Repolarization: Relaxation

b. Depolarization: Contracting

c. Arrhythmia: Irregular heartbeat

Chapter 24-

1. Medicare Parts A, B, C and D each cover what?

Medicare part A: Is for hospital coverage, and any person who is receiving monthly Social Security benefits

Medicare part B: Is for payment of other medical expenses, including office visits, X-ray and laboratory services, and the services of a provider in or out of the hospital.

Medicare part C: Is the segment of Medicare that enables beneficiaries to select a managed care plan as their primary coverage.

Medicare part D: Provides coverage for both generic and brand-name drugs.

Terms and spelling to know -

Precertification: Approval before receiving treatment (hospitalization. Diagnostic testing, surgery, etc)

TRICARE: Eligible beneficiaries who have Medicare Part A and B.

-Active service personnel and their dependents

-Retired active service personnel and their dependents

-Dependents of service personnel who died in a active duty

CHAMPVA: Spouses and dependent children of veterans who have total, permanent, service-connected disabilities.

Health savings account: Is a tax-sheltered savings account that can be used to pay for medical expenses; it is similar in concept to an individual retirement account (IRA),

Co-payment: A set amount paid at every visit.

Co- insurance: % cost shared between ins & pt. 80% ins. and 20% pt

Deductible: A set amount paid yearly before ins. pays.

Premium: A set amount paid by employee or employer monthly for insurance.

Capitation: That providers are paid a set fee per patient on their patient listing each month, whether the patient is seen one or more times or not at all.

Carrier:

Gatekeeper: It's also known as PCP, Is a term given to primary care providers because they are responsible for coordinating the patient’s care to specialists, hospital admissions, and so on.

Group insurance: is an insurance that covers a group of people, for example the members of a society or professional association, or the employees of a particular employer for the purpose of taking insurance.

HMO: A Type of managed care operation that is typically set up as a for-profit corporation with salaried employees; group insurance that entitles members to services provided by participating hospitals, clinics, and providers.

Managed care: Is a system of health care that integrates the delivery and payment of health care for covered persons (patients, or subscribers) by contracting with selected providers for comprehensive health care services at a reduced cost.

Medicaid: Is health care coverage for individuals of limited or low income.

Pre-existing condition: Is a health condition that existed prior to applying for health or life insurance. Examples of pre-existing conditions include illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, and heart disease. Under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), health insurance companies can’t refuse coverage or charge more for pre-existing conditions.

Service area: Is a geographic area where a service business operates. It’s also referred to as a service territory.

Subscriber: The person who has been insured; an insurance policyholder.

Individual insurance: Its own insurance

Worker's Comp: Cover employees who are injured while working or become ill as a result of their work.

Chapter 32

Terms and spelling to know -

Subjective: Signs and symptoms that can not be measured, heard, and seen. It's what the pt feels.

Objective: Signs and symptoms that can be measured, heard, and seen.

Acute: Sudden onset

Chronic: Long term illness that lasts for than 5 months

Characteristics of symptoms - location, radiation, quality, severity

Location: Where is the symptom located?
Radiation: What area does the symptom cover?
Quality: Describe the characteristic of the symptom, for instance, “dull ache,” “throbbing,” “tingling,” and so on.
Severity: Describe the pain associated with the symptom.

Associated symptoms: Combinations of symptoms that may lead to a specific diagnosis

Aggravating factors: What makes it worse?

Alleviating factors: “what makes your symptoms better?” (making something better)

Summary:

Phone and in-person screening: The process of obtaining information and determining the best action to take (and in what priority) and who will be best to handle their needs.

Open and closed-ended questions:

Ask for more than a yes or no answer

Provide opportunity for additional information

Biases:

Beliefs and behaviors that tend to influence how we view others- Favor a person or group compared to another.

Complete health history:

Gives the provider a good idea of the patient's current and past health history as well as family history that may contribute.

Chief complaint:

The main reason the patient is seeking care at that visit

Use the patient’s language.

Include subjective and objective findings.

Triage: Prioritizing the conditions of the injured following a disaster, grouping according to seriousness of a patients needs

Emergent: Arising suddenly and unexpectedly.

HIPAA privacy requirements: To follow HIPAA privacy standards, be sure to get the patient’s approval to involve another person in the discussion of their private health information.

Chapter 33

Know - pulse locations

•Radial

•Apical

•Brachial

•Carotid

•Femoral

•Dorsalis pedis

•Popliteal

•These three sites are palpated to evaluate circulation in the lower extremities

Know all the normal vS

BP: 120/80 mmHg

Pulse: 60- 100 BPM

Temp: 98.6 F. 37 C

RR: 12-20 RPM

Know the BP table and each category

Terms and spelling to know -

Mensuration: The process of measuring

BMI: Body mass index, calculating weight and hight

VS: Vital signs

Palpation: To feel, texture

Subnormal temperature/hypothermia: Below 95°F (35°C)

Auscultate: Using a stethoscope to hear to internal organs

Dyspnea: Difficulty breathing

Eupnea: Normal breathing

Tachycardia: Increased heartbeat above 100 BPM

Bradycardia: Decreased heartbeat below 60 BPM

Arrhythmia: Without rhythm, irregular heartbeat

Inspiration (inhalation): Breathing in

Expiration (exhalation): Breathing out

BP: Fluctuating pressure the blood exerts against the arterial walls as it alternately contracts and relaxes.

Pulse pressure: The difference between the systolic and diastolic reading and is an indicator of the tone of the arterial walls.

Tachypnea: Increased or rapid breathing above 20 RPM

Febrile: Fever is present, Pertaining to a fever.

Afebrile: Fever is not present, Without fever.

Chapter 49

Know

Drug classifications, plus actions and examples: Drugs are divided into different categories or classifications by the chemical type of the active ingredient contained in the drug or by how it is used to treat a disease or symptom.

Scheduled drugs:

Prescription and refill and storage rules:

Terms and spelling to know -

Vial: A small glass tube or bottle containing medication or a chemical.

Generic: When the drug is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Generic names are not capitalized.

Pharmacology: The study and practice of compounding and dispensing medical preparations.

Antagonist: A drug that blocks the actions of a receptor or its intended ligand.

Prescription: A written direction for the preparation of a medicine.

Chapter 50

Know -

Metric abbreviations and measurements

gram (g), which measures mass (weight)
liter (L), which measures volume (liquid)
meter (m), which measures length (size)
drop (gtt)
teaspoon (t or tsp) tablespoon (T or tbs)
ounce (fluid) (fl oz)
cup
pint (pt)
quart (qt)
ounce (weight) (oz)
pound (lb)

Pound to kilogram conversions: lbs/2.2

Kg to pound conversions: kg × 2.2

Dosage conversions: S/A=X/D

Chapter 56

Know -

Most common minerals lacking from the diet

Vitamin A,D,C

Function/s of B12

Red blood cell formation
Cell metabolism
Nerve function
Production of DNA
Brain and nervous system health

Main dietary source of vitamin D

Fortified milk is main dietary source, fish, liver, oils, butter, egg yolk, liver, ultraviolet irradiation

What is the cause of scurvy?

Caused by lack of fresh fruits, vegetables, and vitamin C in the diet.

BMI categories

Underweight: BMI less than 18.5
Normal weight: BMI of 18.5 to 24.9
Overweight: BMI of 25 to 29.9
Obesity: BMI of 30 or higher. Obesity is further subdivided into three classes: Class I (30-34.9), Class II (35-39.9), and Class III (40 or higher).

Terms and spelling to know -

Sleep apnea:

Brief episodes of the cessation of breathing during sleep.

Amenorrhea:

Absence of menses; without menstruation.

Binge:

A spree; to overindulge, such as with alcohol or food.

Calorie:

A unit for measuring the heat value of food.

Carbohydrate:

An organic combination of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as a sugar, a starch, or cellulose

Dietitian:

One who is trained in dietetics, which includes nutrition, and in charge of the diet of an institution.

Emaciation:

To become abnormally thin; the loss of too much weight.

Insomnia: Inability to sleep

Vitamins: Organic substances found in foods that are essential to good health and growth.

Minerals: Naturally occurring, inorganic, homogeneous, solid substances.

Nutrients: Compounds in food that are necessary for the body's growth, maintenance, and functioning.