APUSH UNIT FIVE REVIEW

Manifest Destiny

A. Gadsen Purchase: When the United states bought a territory in the West to build the intercontinental railroad.

B. Texas Annexation: When the United States annexed Texas from Mexico (one of the causes for the Mexican-American war)

C. Mexican Cession: When the Mexico ceded part of their land to the United States (after the Mexican-American war)

D. Oregon Territory: When the US and Britain claimed Oregon for seperate reasons (Britain for fur trade and US for more settlers). America eventually took full control of Oregon.

Mexican American War

A war between Mexico and American that lasted from 1846-1848. Resulted in an Amrican victory.

James K. Polk

Winner of the eletion of 1844. Created the “54’40 or Fight!” slogan and was pro manifest destiny. Prioritized military to prepare for a war with Mexico and annexed Texas, Oregon, and most of Mexican territory.

54’40 or Fight!

A slogan that meant for the US to claim all land up to 54 degrees and forty minutes North parralel, or fight Great Britain for it.

Sectionalism

A. Bleeding Kansas: A series of violent battles in Kansas between Pro and Anti slavery suporters that broke out because of the decision to let residents of Kansas vote to be admitted as a slave or free state.

B. Compromise of 1850: A compromise created by Henry Clay that had four components. 1. Popular Sovereignty 2. California added as a free state 3. Slave trade banned in DC and 4. a stricter fugitve slave law.

C. Dred Scott Decision: A court case in 1858 that happened because the slave Dred Scott sued for freedom. The supreme court decided he was not a US citizen and instead property.

D. Harper’s Ferry: A raid on an armory led by abolitionist John Brown in 1859. It ended quickly and resulted in the South believing that the North was plotting to destroy them.

Election of 1860

An election where Abraham Lincoln won. Caused the South to secede from the Union with South Carolina being the first to secede.

Economy

A. The North had an industrial-based economy based on free labor.

B. The South had an agricultural-based economy based on enslaved labor.

Emancipation Proclamation

A speech gave by Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War that freed all slaves in the rebelling Southern states. (Note that this did not free slaves in the border states because Lincoln didn’t want them to secede as well.

Gettysburg Address

A speech that Lincoln gave at the battle of Gettysburg site where he reminded the North what they were fighting for to reinvigorate them.

Amendments

A. 13th: Abolished slavery in the United States (except for use as punishment)

B. 14th: Gave equal rights to all citizens of the United States

C. 15th: Gave African American men the right to vote

Reconstruction

A period that lasted from 1865-1877 that was marked by increased rights for African Americans. Introduced the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendment and also the Freedman’s Beurau. The presidents during this time period were Lincoln, Johnson, and Grant.

The Civil War

A war that split the United States into the North and the South. These two sides fought over slavery, with the North fighting to abolish it and the South fighting to keep it (because their economy relied on slave labor).

Freedman’s Beurau

A government agency that was created during reconstruction that assisted newly freed African Americans in the South.

Black Code

They were created in 1865 and they controlled the labor systems and constitutional rights of African Americans in the South. It was a Southern legal system that upheld white supremacy.

Jim Crow Laws

They were created in 1877 (which is the end of reconstruction) and enforced racial segregation in the South. It was a Southern legal system that upheld white supremacy.

Sharecropping

An economic system in the South that was a “pseudo-slavery”, meaning that it still kept African Americans at disadvantaged positions but it couldn’t be called slavery because they were getting paid.

Election of 1876

A. An election between Rutherford B. Hayes (the winner) and Samuel Tilden. This election required a special comission to decide the president.

B. This election had a compromise to elect Hayes as president if federal troops were removed from the South. This marked the end of reconstruction.

Political Parties

A. Democrats: Based in the South and was against reconstruction.

B. Republicans: Based in the North and was for reconstruction.