Ch. 26/27 Quiz

Chapters 26 and 27 are fair game on this quiz

MC and short answer. Look over all ppts, chapter sections, etc.

Dictators of 30s and their ideologies

Adolf Hitler (Germany) 

Ideology: Fascism and National Socialism (Nazism) 

  • Believed in Aryan racial superiority, expansionism (Lebensraum), and the need for a totalitarian state. 

  • Aimed to overturn the Treaty of Versailles and expand German territory.

Benito Mussolini (Italy) 

Ideology: Fascism 

  • Emphasized authoritarian control, nationalism, militarism, and imperialism. 

  • Sought to create a new Roman Empire by expanding into Africa (e.g., Ethiopia).

Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union) 

Ideology: Communism (totalitarianism under Stalin’s leadership) 

  • Focused on industrialization and collectivization, while using terror to maintain control. 

  • Initially signed a nonaggression pact with Germany (Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact) in 1939.

Emperor Hirohito and Hideki Tojo (Japan)

Ideology: Militarism, Imperialism 

  • Aimed to dominate East Asia, believing in the superiority of the Japanese race. 

  • Expanded into China, leading to the invasion of Manchuria in 1931 and full-scale war with China in 1937.

Axis, Allied powers: countries involved

Axis

  • Germany (Hitler) 

  • Italy (Mussolini) 

  • Japan (Hirohito and Tojo)

Allied Powers

  • United States (joined in 1941 after Pearl Harbor) 

  • Soviet Union (joined after Germany invaded in 1941) 

  • United Kingdom France (until 1940 when it was occupied by Germany) 

  • China

How, when WWII started

Start of WWII: September 1, 1939 

  • Germany invaded Poland, prompting Britain and France to declare war on Germany. 

  • Hitler’s invasion violated the Treaty of Versailles and set off the war in Europe. 

  • The Soviet Union also invaded Poland from the east, as per the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.

Battle of Britain

  • Aerial battle between Germany's Luftwaffe and the Royal Air Force (RAF) of Britain. 

  • Germany aimed to gain air superiority in preparation for an invasion of Britain (Operation Sea Lion). 

  • Outcome: The RAF successfully defended Britain, marking the first major defeat of Germany in the war. 

  • Importance: Helped prevent a German invasion of Britain and marked a turning point in the war.

Which countries were invaded and by what Axis power

Germany: 

  • Poland (1939) 

  • France (1940) 

  • Denmark and Norway (1940) 

  • Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg (1940) 

  • Soviet Union (1941) (Operation Barbarossa) 

Italy: 

  • Ethiopia (1935) 

  • Albania (1939) 

  • Invaded Greece (1940) and later Egypt (North Africa). 

Japan: 

  • China (1937) 

  • Manchuria (1931) 

  • Southeast Asia (including the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia after 1941).

Lend-lease, cash-n-carry, neutrality acts

Lend-Lease Act (1941): 

  • Allowed the U.S. to send military aid to Allied nations without requiring immediate payment. 

  • Extended to countries like Britain, Soviet Union, China, and France.

Cash-and-Carry (1939): 

  • Allowed belligerent nations to purchase goods and arms from the U.S. only if they paid cash and transported the goods themselves.

Neutrality Acts: 

  • Series of laws passed in the 1930s to prevent U.S. involvement in foreign conflicts. 

  • Stopped arms sales and loans to nations at war. 

  • Aimed at keeping the U.S. neutral but later relaxed with the Lend-Lease Act.

Pearl Harbor

  • Japanese surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. 

  • Nearly 20 U.S. ships were damaged or sunk, and over 2,400 Americans were killed. 

  • Result: The U.S. declared war on Japan on December 8, 1941. 

  • Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S. shortly after, marking the official entry of the U.S. into WWII.

Homefront during WWII- poster presentations- look over the posters linked in activity doc on agenda

Propaganda and Posters: 

  • The government used posters to encourage support for the war effort, enlistment, and wartime production. 

  • Common themes included rationing, recycling, patriotism, and supporting soldiers. 

Key Posters/Actions: 

  • Rosie the Riveter: Encouraged women to join the workforce in factories and other industrial jobs. 

  • Victory Gardens: Promoted growing food at home to support the war effort. 

War Bonds: Posters encouraged the public to buy bonds to fund the war.