Ch+11.+5

INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH SCIENCE

• Authors: Dorothy J. Winger, Susan Blahnik

• Publisher: Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

• Correlated to: NCHSE and HOSA (Health Occupations Students of America)

Chapter Overview

• Chapter Title: Communication

Lesson 11.5: Developing Cultural Competence

Learning Outcomes

• 11.5-1: Enumerate general guidelines for working with diverse populations.

• 11.5-2: Describe the process of developing individual rapport with patients.

• 11.5-3: Illustrate how age might influence coworker communication preferences.

• 11.5-4: Explain how personal bias, prejudice, and stereotypes affect patient interaction.

Warm-Up Questions

• How can cultural competence improve patient care?

• How is cultural competence learned?

• How can healthcare workers show cultural competence?

General Guidelines for Cultural Competence

• Cultural Competence: The ability to interact effectively with people of different cultures.

• Cultural Differences in Communication may include:

  • Eye contact

  • Body Language

  • Sense of time

  • Speech and communication styles

  • Modesty

• Closer Contact Areas:

  • Africa

  • Indonesia

  • Latin America

  • Mediterranean

  • Southern Europe

• Distant Contact Areas:

  • North America

  • Northern Europe

  • Great Britain

  • Middle East

  • Asia

Developing Individualized Approaches to Care

Key Principles

• Never assume knowledge of a patient’s culture; every patient is unique

• Establish positive relationships to bridge cultural differences

• Develop rapport through respect and caring

UNIQUE Mnemonic for Charting Patient Preferences

• U: Uncover cultural background

  • Sample Questions:

    1. Where were you born?

    2. How long have you lived in the United States?

    3. What is your age? (note gender too)

• N: Note religious and spiritual traditions

  • Sample Questions: 4. How might religious observances affect your treatment?5. Do you avoid any particular foods or change your diet during religious observances?

• I: Identify healthcare beliefs and treatment preferences

  • Sample Questions: 6. What do you believe causes illness/preserves good health?7. What traditional/home health remedies do you use?8. Are there any healthcare procedures that are unacceptable to you?9. What alternative healing methods do you use?

• Q: Questions and concerns for care

  • Sample Questions: 10. Do you find it easier to talk with a man or a woman?11. What do you want to accomplish from today’s visit/treatment?

• U: Unmet language needs

  • Sample Questions: 12. What language do you prefer to speak/read?13. Do you need an interpreter?14. Do you prefer printed or spoken instructions?

• E: Environment

  • Sample Questions: 15. With whom do you live?16. Who helps you when you are ill?17. When do you usually eat?18. Can you shop and cook for yourself?

Exhibiting Cultural Competence with Coworkers

• Provide care, understanding, and consideration to coworkers as well as patients.

• A culturally competent workforce enhances communication and teamwork:

  • Recognizing generational differences

  • Valuing ethnic traditions

Think Further

• Consider ways to enhance cultural competence among coworkers.

• Identify potential barriers to effective cultural interactions.

Barriers that Affect Patient Interaction

• Personal Bias: Preconceived expectations or norms affecting care.

• Prejudice: Pre-established notions that can lead to irrational feelings.

• Stereotyping: Viewing all individuals in a cultural group as identical.

Communication Preferences by Generation

• Baby Boomers (1946-1960): Prefer face-to-face or phone communication.

• Generation X (1961-1980): Favor email and text messages.

• Millennials (Y, 1981-1996): Lean towards text messages and social media.

• Generation Z (after 1997): Expect rapid responses, value face-to-face communication.

Critical Thinking Questions

• How can personal biases, prejudices, and stereotypes be addressed?

• Acknowledge that cultural competence is an ongoing process that requires:

  • Positive communication

  • Active listening

  • Willingness to learn