The Eye

Retina – The retina is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells (rods and cones). It converts light into electrical signals that are sent to the brain via the optic nerve.

Tapetum – Found in animals with night vision (not humans), the tapetum is a reflective layer behind the retina that enhances vision in low-light conditions by reflecting light back through the retina.

Iris – The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil, regulating the amount of light entering the eye.

Cornea – The cornea is the transparent, outermost layer of the eye that helps focus incoming light onto the retina.

Pupil – The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye. It changes size based on light intensity.

Aqueous Humor – A clear fluid in the front part of the eye (between the cornea and lens) that maintains eye pressure and nourishes the cornea and lens.

Lens – A transparent, flexible structure that focuses light onto the retina for clear vision. It changes shape to adjust for near and far vision (accommodation).

Vitreous Humor – A gel-like substance filling the space between the lens and retina, providing shape to the eye and helping to maintain its structure.

Sclera – The tough, white outer layer of the eye that protects it and provides structural support.

Blind Spot – The area on the retina where the optic nerve exits the eye, containing no photoreceptors, making it unable to detect images.

Optic Nerve – The nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain for processing.