Intro to criminal justice; chapter 5

Learning Objectives

  • 5.1 Development of police in England.

  • 5.2 Development of police in colonial America.

  • 5.3 Emergence of police professionalism.

  • 5.4 Key events in policing from 1960 to present.

The History of Police in England

  • Pledge System: Local enforcement via family groups (Tythings) and leaders (Hundredman).

  • London Metropolitan Police: Established by Sir Robert Peel, introducing structured policing and the Nine Principles of Policing.

The History of Police in Colonial America

  • Early American policing mirrored British systems, focusing on maintaining peace and enforcing laws.

  • Twentieth-Century Reforms: Professionalism introduced through the IACP and the Wickersham Commission's recommendations.

Policing from the 1960s to Present

  • 1960s: U.S. Supreme Court decisions regulated police operations.

  • 1990s: Police reforms after the Rodney King incident; community policing principles introduced.

Levels of Law Enforcement

  • Four Main Levels: Federal, State, County, and Local Law Enforcement.

Agencies of Law Enforcement

  • Federal: DOJ, FBI, ATF, U.S. Marshals.

  • DHS: Prevents terrorist attacks and manages recovery post-incidents.

Differences Between Law Enforcement Agencies

  • Jurisdiction: Federal agencies handle laws throughout the U.S.; local and county focus on specific areas.

Private Policing

  • Growing industry focused on crime prevention and security for private entities.

Technology and Law Enforcement

  • Advances in crime scene investigation, biometrics, and predictive policing improving effectiveness in criminal justice.