Research_The PROBLEM

Note

Page 2: What is Research?

  • Research involves collecting and analyzing information from different resources to draw a conclusion.

Page 3: Importance of Research

  • Improves quality of life

  • Improves instruction

  • Improves students' achievement

  • Improves teachers' competence

  • Satisfies man's needs

  • Reduces the burden of work

  • Has deep-seated psychological aspects

  • Improves exportation of food products

  • Responds to the economic recovery and austerity measures of the country

  • Trains graduates to become responsive to the economic development of the country and compete globally

Page 4: Types of Research

  • Exploratory Research

  • Descriptive Research

  • Experimental Research

Page 5: Characteristics of Research

  • Organized: There is a structure or method in going about doing research. It is a planned procedure, not a spontaneous one. It is focused and limited to a specific scope.

  • Systematic: There is a definite set of procedures and steps which you will follow. There are certain things in the research process which are always done in order to get the most accurate results.

  • Controlled: There is a degree to which the observation are controlled and alternative explanations of the outcome are ruled out.

  • Empirical: Gathers observable data and sets out a repeatable process to produce verifiable results. Conducts experiments.

  • Inquiry: Focused on the need to investigate and search for truth and knowledge, which separates research from everyday ways of learning.

Page 11: Finding Answers and Method

  • Finding answers is the end goal of research. Research is successful when answers are found, even if the answer is no.

  • Method is the means to an end or arriving at data. It specifies the designs, identifies samples/respondents of the study, prepares the tools/instruments for data gathering, procedures, and statistical treatment of the gathered data.

Page 12: Getting the Problem/Topic

  • To get the problem/topic, consider the questions: What, Where, When, Why, How, and Who.

Page 13: Research Topic

  • A research topic is a subject a person wants to learn about.

  • A well-defined research topic is the starting point of every successful research project.

Page 14-17: Sources of Research Topics

  • People: Friends, Family, Scientists/experts, Community, School officials, professionals

  • Places: Library, Research institutions, School, Community, Museums, Parks, Home, River, Internet

  • Things: Soil, Water, Air, Plants, Animals, Books

Page 18: Parts of the Malunggay Plant and its Uses

  • Leaves

  • Bark and stem

  • Root

  • Flowers

  • Fruits

  • Mature seeds are used to clean up dirty water.

  • Seeds are also roasted and made into coffee.

Page 19: Recommendations of Scientific Studies

  • Published in journals such as Philippine Journal of Science, American Journal of Biology, Chemistry Journal, Lancet

  • Professors, scientists, experts in the field

  • Situations, problems, issues

Page 21-26: Life Sciences

  • Botany: Study of plant life - agriculture, forestry, plant taxonomy, plant pathology, plant genetics, algae, etc.

  • Zoology: Study of animals - animal genetics, animal ecology, animal husbandry, cellular physiology, histology, animal physiology, etc.

  • Microbiology: Biology of microorganisms - bacteriology, virology, protozoology, fungi, bacterial genetics, yeast, etc.

  • Biochemistry: Chemistry of life processes - molecular biology, molecular genetics, enzymes, photosynthesis, blood chemistry, protein & food chemistry, hormones, etc.

  • Medicine and Health: Study of diseases and health of humans and animals - dentistry, pharmacology, pathology, ophthalmology, nutrition, sanitation, pediatrics, dermatology, allergies, speech and hearing, etc.

  • Ecology: Branch of biology that studies the relationships between organisms and their total environment

Page 27-33: Physical Sciences

  • Chemistry: Study of nature & composition of matter and laws governing it - physical & organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, materials, plastics, fuels, pesticides, metallurgy, soil chemistry, environmental and materials chemistry, plastics, etc.

  • Physics: Theories, principles, and laws governing energy & the effect of energy on matter - solid state, optics, acoustics, particles, nuclear, atomic plasma, superconductivity, fluid and gas dynamics, thermodynamics, semiconductors, magnetism, quantum mechanics, biophysics, etc.

  • Mathematics: Development of formal logical systems or various numerical algebraic computations and the application of these principles - calculus, geometry, abstract algebra, number theory, statistics, complex analysis, probability.

  • Computer Science: Study & development of computer hardware, software engineering, internet networking and communications, graphics (including human interface), simulations/virtual reality or computational science (including data structures, encryption, coding & information theory).

  • Engineering: Technology; projects that directly apply scientific principles to manufacturing and practical uses - civil, mechanical, aeronautical, chemical, electrical, photographic, sound, automotive, marine, heating and refrigerating, transportation environmental engineering, etc.

  • Earth & Space Sciences: Geology, mineralogy, physiography, oceanography, meteorology, climatology, astronomy, speleology, seismology, geography, etc.

  • Environmental Science: Study of pollution (air, water and land) sources and their control.

Page 34-41: Robotics and Intelligent Machines

  • Robotics is a branch of engineering and computer science that involves the conception, design, manufacture, and operation of robots.

  • The objective of the robotics field is to create intelligent machines that can assist humans in a variety of ways.

  • Robotics can take on a number of forms, including:

    • Biomechanics: Studies and apparatus which mimic the role of mechanics in biological systems.

    • Cognitive Systems: Studies/apparatus that operate similarly to the ways humans think and process information. Systems that provide for increased interaction of people and machines to more naturally extend and magnify human expertise, activity, and cognition.

    • Control Theory: Studies that explore the behavior of dynamical systems with inputs, and how their behavior is modified by feedback. This includes new theoretical results and the applications of new and established control methods, system modeling, identification and simulation, the analysis and design of control systems (including computer-aided design), and practical implementation.

    • Machine Learning: Construction and/or study of algorithms that can learn from data.

    • Robot Kinematics: The study of movement in robotic systems.

    • Other: Studies that cannot be assigned to one of the above subcategories. If the project involves multiple subcategories, the principal subcategory should be chosen instead of Other.

Common Types of Robots

Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs)

  • AMRs move throughout the world and make decisions in near real-time

  • They use technologies such as sensors and cameras to gather information about their surroundings

  • Onboard processing equipment helps them analyze the information and make informed decisions

  • They require limited human input to perform tasks

Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs)

  • AGVs rely on tracks or predefined paths

  • They often require operator oversight

  • Commonly used in controlled environments like warehouses and factory floors for material delivery and item movement

Articulated Robots

  • Also known as robotic arms

  • Emulate the functions of a human arm

  • Can feature two to ten rotary joints, allowing for a greater degree of motion

  • Ideal for tasks like arc welding, material handling, machine tending, and packaging

Humanoids

  • Robots that perform human-centric functions and often have human-like forms

  • Use similar technology components as AMRs to sense, plan, and act

  • Tasks include providing directions or offering concierge services

Cobots

  • Designed to function alongside or directly with humans

  • Can share spaces with workers to help them accomplish tasks

  • Used to eliminate manual, dangerous, or strenuous tasks from workflows

  • Can respond to and learn from human movements

Hybrids

  • Combination of different types of robots to create more complex tasks

  • For example, combining an AMR with a robotic arm to handle packages in a warehouse

  • Compute capabilities are consolidated as more functionality is combined into single solutions

Characteristics of a Good Problem

  • Clear

  • Specific

  • Organized

  • Well-defined scope

  • Concise

  • Measurable

Stating a Problem

  • A problem can be stated in a declarative form or interrogative form

  • Question form aids in focusing the problem and is effective when subproblems are included within the larger problem

Guidelines for Choosing a Research Problem

  1. Consider one possible source of research problem from each of the three categories: people, place, and thing

  2. Use guidelines/factors involved in the choice of a research problem to select a specific topic for investigation

Choosing a Research Topic/Problem

  1. Choose a general topic of interest

  2. Narrow down the topic to make it manageable

  3. Write down questions about the topic

  4. Determine the purpose of the research topic

  5. Revise and refine the research topic as needed

Assignment

  1. Identify the topic/problem you want to learn about

  2. List five