org ana lec table (3) (1)

Definition: Region from the diaphragm to the pelvic floor; boundaries marked by the pelvic inlet.

Surface Landmarks:

Xiphisternal Joint: At T9 and lower sternum; xiphoid process is palpable.
Costal Margin: Formed by 7th-10th costal cartilages, aligns with the body of L3.
Iliac Crest: Highest point at L4; terminates at ASIS and PSIS.
Pubic Tubercle: Small bump on pubis.
Symphysis Pubis: Midline joint between pubic bones.
Transpyloric Plane: Horizontal at L1, passing through critical organs.

Abdominal Viscera:

Liver: Upper cavity, usually not palpable in adults.
Gallbladder: Beneath liver, stores bile.
Esophagus: Joins pharynx to stomach at T10; has constrictions.
Stomach: J-shaped, sections include fundus, antrum, corpus, pylorus.
Small Intestine: Has three parts: duodenum, jejunum, ileum; main function is absorption.
Large Intestine: Made of cecum, colon, and rectum.
Pancreas: Behind the stomach; important for digestion and can obstruct ducts if enlarged.
Spleen: In left upper quadrant, usually not palpable.
Kidneys: Positioned high; produce ureters.
Adrenal Glands: Above kidneys, produce hormones.

Peritoneum: Serous membrane around cavity; facilitates organ movement and infection response.

Clinical Notes:

Pain: Distinction between visceral (dull) and parietal (localized) pain.
Peritoneal Dialysis: For renal insufficiency.
Hernias: Can lead to intestines being trapped; surgical intervention needed.